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PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
Darwin S. Ibanez
darwin.ibanez@wilo-
philippines.com
0917 865 3046
What will we cover?
• Pumping System
• Capacity (Flow Rate)
• Total Dynamic Head
• Static Head
• Dynamic Head
• Suction head
• Suction lift
• Affinity Laws
• NPSHA
• System Curve
Pumping Systems
Head
A pump must overcome
the resistance of a Pump
Resistance
pumping system in order
to cause a liquid to flow
completely through the
system
Static Head
+
Dynamic Head
Static
Head
Discharge
Head
HD
Suction
Static Head=HD - HS
Head
HS
Pump
Centerline
Centrifugal Pump Hydraulics
Static Pump Head (Flooded Suction)
Example #1 Non-Operating (Static)
120
FT
160
FT Static Head=
160’-40’= 120’
40
FT
Pump
Centerline
Centrifugal Pump Hydraulics
Static Pump Head (Suction Lift)
Discharge
Head
Static
HD
Head
Pump
Centerline
Suction
Lift L Static Head=HD + LS
S
Note: suction lift requires
self priming pumps or
suction check valves
Centrifugal Pump Hydraulics
Static Pump Head (Suction Lift)
160
FT
180
FT
Pump
Centerline
20
FT Static Head=
160’+20’= 180’
Dynamic Head
50 psi 30 psi
4’ Suction Lift
> Where the pipe friction loss is 17.4’ per hundred feet
Friction Head Loss
What is my
system’s TDH?
The pumping
system’s total
dynamic head is
simply the sum of
the system’s static
head and dynamic
head
Total Dynamic Head
20’
4’ Suction Lift
Water Gasoline
HEAD
Dynamic
Head
Static Head
CAPACITY
HEAD
Dynamic
Head
Static Head
CAPACITY
• The system designer can change the shape of the System
curve by altering the size of piping, type of equipment, and
physical layout of the pumping system
System Curve
HEAD
Dynamic
Head
Static Head
CAPACITY
• The end user can change the shape of the System curve by opening
or closing system valves, changing equipment or piping layouts, and
varying the liquid levels in the suction or discharge tanks
Mental Note
Vaporization of a liquid followed by rapid condensation (bubble collapse). Occurs when the
local pressure drops below the vapor pressure.
Cavitation - Impeller
Atmospheric pressure
Pressurized tank
Vacuum tank
PUMP
20 mm Hg
10 mm Hg
Available (System) = PB + HS - HF - PV
NPSHA = PB + HS - HF - PV
HF
NPSHA
Example A
Flooded Suction - Ambient Temp. - Sea Level
PB = 14.7
PSIA NPSHA = PB + HS - HF - PV
= 34 FT + 15 FT - 5 FT - 1.0 FT
60 O F
HS = VP=? = 43.0 FT
15 FT
HF = 5 ‘
NPSHA
Example B
Flooded Suction - High Temp. - High Altitude (5500 FT)
PB = 12.0 PSIA
NPSHA = PB + HS - HF - PV
HF = 5 FT
NPSHA
Example C
Suction Lift - Amb. Temp. - Sea Level
NPSHA = PB + HS - HF - PV
HF = 5 FT = 34 FT + (-15 FT) - 5 FT -
1.0 FT
= 13.4 FT
HS =
15 FT PB = 14.7
PSIA
60 O F
VP=1.0
NPSHA
Example D
Boiler Feed - Sea Level
1.0
NPSHA = PB + HS - HF - PV
PSIA
= 2.3 FT + 6 FT - 1 FT - 2.2 FT
100 F O
VP=? = 5.1 FT
HS =
6 FT
HF = 1 FT
THANK YOU!