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Global Maritime Distress

and Safety System


(GMDSS)

Universitatea Maritima din Constanta


Student: Stoenciu Cosmin-Silviu
Grupa: ET42
• Inmarsat plc (LSE: ISAT) is a British satellite
telecommunications company, offering global
mobile services. It provides telephone and data
services to users worldwide, via portable or mobile
terminals which communicate with ground stations
through thirteen geostationary telecommunications
satellites.[3] Inmarsat's network provides
communications services to a range of
governments, aid agencies, media outlets and
businesses (especially in the shipping, airline and
mining industries) with a need to communicate in
remote regions or where there is no
reliable terrestrial network. The company is listed
on the London Stock Exchange, is a constituent of
the FTSE 250 Index, and is a financial and
technical sponsor of Télécoms Sans Frontières.
• Inmarsat-C is a two-way, packet data service
operated by the telecommunications
company Inmarsat which operates between
mobile earth stations (MES) and land earth
stations (LES). It became fully operational after a
period of pre-operational trials in January 1991.
The advantages of Inmarsat-C compared to
Inmarsat-A are low cost, smaller and uses a
smaller omni-directional antenna. The
disavantages is that voice communication is not
possible with Inmarsat-C.[1] The service is
approved for use under the Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), meets the
requirements for Ship Security Alert
Systems (SSAS) defined by the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) and is the most
widely used service in fishing Vessel Monitoring
Systems (VMS).
VHF

• Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation[1] for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio
waves) from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten to one meter. Frequencies immediately
below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF).
• Common uses for radio waves in the VHF band are FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, two way land
mobile radio systems (emergency, business, private use and military), long range data communication up to several
tens of kilometers with radio modems, amateur radio, and marine communications. Air traffic control communications
and air navigation systems (e.g. VOR & ILS) work at distances of 100 kilometres (62 mi) or more to aircraft at cruising
altitude.
• In North America, most of South America and many other parts of the world, VHF Band I was used for the transmission
of analog television. As part of the worldwide transition to digital television most countries require broadcasters to
transmit television in the VHF range using digital rather than analog format.
 The Inmarsat C system provides worldwide telex and data transmission
and
reception of written information to owners of an Inmarsat C transceiver or a
 Terrestrial telex network via satellite. Further, e-mail can be sent via the
internet.
 Communication mode is store-and-forward telex, which means all
information
sent are first stored at an LES and then delivered to designated party.
 An EGC (Enhanced Group Call) receiver is built in the FELCOM 15 to
receive
the following types of messages, broadcast by LESs:
 SafetyNETTM-governments and maritime authorities can use this service
to
distribute maritime safety information to ships within selected areas.
 FleetNETTM-commercial subscription organizations or shipping
companies
can use this service to transmit trade information (for example, company
news or market prices) simultaneously to a selected group of ships, to
provide up-to-the-minute information.
 EGC system-related is sent by Inmarsat to certain shipping companies
and
geographical areas.
FURUNO FELCOM 15
SPECIFICATIONS OF INMARSAT C MES
FELCOM 15
Inmarsat-C mobile earth station FELCOM 15 has the function
of LRIT (Long-Range Identification
and Tracking System). It obtained the type approval from
Telefication in July 2008, in accordance
with SOLAS Chapter V/19-1 and IMO Res. MSC.210 (81).
GENERAL
1.1 Transmitting frequency 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz
1.2 Receiving frequency 1530.0 to 1545.0 MHz
1.3 Channel interval 5 kHz
1.4 G/T Better than -23 dB/K (elevation angle 5°)
1.5 EIRP 12 to 16 dBW (elevation angle 5°)
1.6 Modulation BPSK
1.7 Modulation rate 1200 sps
1.8 Coding Convolution with coding rate 1/2 and constraint length
7
1.9 Decoding Viterbi decoder
1.10 Navigation data interface IEC61162-1, Internal GPS Board
(option)
Input data sentences BWC, BWR, GGA, GLL, VTG, WPL, RMA,
RMB, RMC, MTW,
DBT, VDR, ZDA
Output data sentences GGA, ZDA, GLL, VTG, RMC, GSV
ANTENNA UNIT
2.1 Antenna type Daisy loop antenna
2.2 Gain
Horizontal: Omnidirectional
Vertical: 0 dBi or more (angle of elevation: 90°)
+1.3 dBi or more (angle of elevation: 5°)
2.3 Declination Clockwise circular
2.4 Axial ratio Within 6 dB (5° to 90°)
2.5 VSWR 1.5 or less (50 ohm)
POWER SOURCE
12-24 VDC: 13.0-5.0 A (Transmit), 1.7-0.9 A
(Receive)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
Ambient temperature
Exposed equipment: -35°C to +55°C (storage:
-35°C to +70°C)
Protected equipment: -15°C to +55°C
Distress Alert/Received Call Unit IC-305,
Alarm
Distress Alert/Received Call Unit IC-305
The [DISTRESS] button functions to transmit
the distress alert. To transmit the
distress alert, press the button until its lamp
lights continuously. For further
details on how to transmit the distress alert,
see paragraph 6.1.
The IC-305 releases the audio alarm and the
lamp in the [ALARM ACK] button
flashes when an EGC distress or urgency
broadcast is received. Press the
[ALARM ACK] button to acknowledge the
alarm, and the alarm tone changes. To
silence the alarm and extinguish the lamp,
press the function key F10 on the
keyboard of the terminal unit
Alarm Unit IC-306
The IC-306 releases the audio alarm and
flashes the lamp in its [ALARM
RESET] button when a telex or e-mail is
received. To silence the audio alarm in
this case, press the [ALARM RESET] button on
the IC-306. In addition to telex or
e-mail notification, the audio alarm sounds and
the lamp flashes also for the
equipment trouble listed below. To
acknowledge this alarm, press the [ALARM
RESET] button, and the alarm tone changes.
To silence the alarm and flashing
of the button in case of external equipment
abnormality, press the [F10] key on
the keyboard.
FOREWORD
A Word to FM-8800D/8800S Owners
Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FM-
8800D/8800S VHF
Radiotelephone. We are confident you will see why the
FURUNO name has
become synonymous with quality and reliability.
For 60 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an
enviable reputation for
quality marine electronics equipment. This dedication to
excellence is furthered
by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.
This equipment is designed and constructed to meet the
rigorous demands of
the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its
intended function
unless operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read
and follow the
recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about
whether we are
achieving our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.
Features
The FURUNO FM-8800D/8800S is a cost-effective all-in-one marine VHF
radio
system consisting of a 25 W VHF radiotelephone, a DSC modem, and a CH
70
watch receiver. It complies with GMDSS carriage requirements for safety and
general communications.
The FM-8800D offers full-duplex voice communications and the FM-8800S
offers simplex voice communication on ITU channels in the marine mobile
VHF
band. The features include Dual Watch which allows a continuous watch on
CH16 and another selected frequency.
Full Class-A DSC functions are provided for distress alert transmission and
reception, as well as the general call formats (Individual telephone, All Ships,
and Group call). Distress alert can be readily transmitted but an arrangement
is
provided to prevent accidental activation. The FM-8800D/8800S maintains a
continuous watch on CH70 even while another VHF channel is in use. Aural
and
visual alarms are given to incoming DSC messages.
• Cospas-Sarsat is an
international satellite-based search and
rescue system, established by Canada,
France, the United States, and Russia.
These four countries jointly helped
develop the 406 MHz Emergency
Emergency Position-Indicating Radio
Beacon (EPIRB), an element of the
position- GMDSS designed to operate with
indicating radio Cospas-Sarsat system. These
automatic-activating EPIRBs, now
beacon (EPIRB) required on SOLAS ships, commercial
fishing vessels, and all passenger
ships, are designed to transmit to alert
rescue coordination centers via the
satellite system from anywhere in the
world.
• The original COSPAS/SARSAT system
used polar orbiting satellites but in
recent years the system has been
expanded to also include 4
geostationary satellites. Newest designs
incorporate GPS receivers to transmit
highly accurate positions (within about
20 metres) of the distress position.
• The original COSPAS/SARSAT satellites
could calculate EPIRB position to within
about 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) by using
Doppler techniques. By the end of 2010
EPIRB manufacturers may be
offering AIS (automatic identification
system) enabled beacons. The
serviceability of these items is checked
monthly and annually and they have
limited battery shelf life, between two and
five years using mostly lithium-type
batteries. 406 MHz EPIRB's transmit a
registration number which is linked to a
database of information about the vessel.
• TRON 40S MkII
The Tron 40S MkII is buoyant, and is
designed to automatically release and activate
in case of an emergency where the EPIRB and
its bracket is submerged into the sea. The Tron
40S MkII can also be operated as a manual
EPIRB, by manually releasing it from its
bracket and then activating it. The automatic
bracket is mounted in a free space outside
where the beacon can be released
automatically. The EPIRB gives an immediate
alarm when activated, transmitting the ID of the
ship in distress. Care must be taken not to
activate the EPIRB unless in an emergency
situation, in such cases the user will be held
responsible. For periodic testing a test function
is implemented. During the test cycle the
EPIRB does a self-test on the transmitters and
on the battery status. No emergency signal is
transmitted during the self-test. The battery of
the EPIRB will last for at least 48 hours from
activation of the EPIRB.
DISTRESS LOCATION DETERMINATION
• The location of the distress signal is determined by taking measurements of the doppler
shift of the EPIRB frequency when the satellite first approach and then pass the EPIRB.
The actual frequency is heard at the time of closest approach (TCA). Knowing the
position of the satellite and using the received doppler signal information, it is possible
to determine the location of the Tron 40S MkII from the satellite at the TCA. At the LUT,
actually two positions are calculated. One is the actual position (A) and the other is the
mirror image (B) position. A second satellite pass confirms the correct location (A). With
the 406 system the real solution can be determined on the first pass with a reliability of
nearly 90% and down to an accuracy of less than 5 km (3.1 miles).
The EPIRB module consists of two printed circuit
EPIRB MODULE WITH ANTENNA boards, which are mounted in the upper housing: 1.
The main board with main switch. 2. Antenna board
(121.5 / 406 MHz) with indicator / flash LED. For
automatic activation of the EPIRB module, put the
Tron 40S MkII in the upright position into the water,
and the transmission starts when the seawater
completes the circuit between the two external
electrodes (sea water contacts).
• Navtex is an international, automated
system for instantly
distributing maritime safety
information (MSI) which includes
navigational warnings, weather
forecasts and weather warnings,
search and rescue notices and similar
information to ships. A small, low-cost
and self-contained "smart" printing
NAVTEX radio receiver is installed on the bridge,
or the place from where the ship is
navigated, and checks each incoming
message to see if it has been received
during an earlier transmission, or if it is
of a category of no interest to the ship's
master. The frequency of transmission
of these messages is 518 kHz in
English, while 490 kHz is sometime
used to broadcast in a local language.
• Navtex transmissions are also called narrow-band direct printing (NBDP). The transmissions are layered
on top of SITOR collective B-mode. SITOR-B is a forward error correcting (FEC) broadcast that uses
the CCIR 476 character set.
• SITOR-B is also used in amateur radio, where it is known as AMTOR-B or AMTOR-FEC.
• Navtex / SITOR / AMTOR broadcasts use 100 baud FSK modulation with a frequency shift of 170 Hz.
• Navtex broadcasts are primarily made on the medium frequencies of 518 kHz and 490 kHz. The
international navtex frequency is 518 kHz,[1] and these broadcasts should always be in English. National
transmission of navtex uses 490 kHz specifically for broadcasts in local languages. It is not used in the
U.S.
• Navtex Marine Safety Information (MSI) national transmissions also take place on HF at 4209.5 kHz
using FEC mode.
• Other transmission modes (like MT63, or Olivia) with better error correction properties have emerged
since navtex was made the standard for maritime information transmissions. Overall, with slightly higher
transmitter power most Navtex error correction issues tend to be absent.

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