SDH / SONET

Monther Alsohebani
Sulaiman Alrumaih
: Agenda
.Definition of SDH/SONET-

.Usages of SDH/SONET-

.Advantages and specifications of SDH/SONET-

. Methodology of SDH/SONET structure-

:Definition
.PDH stands for plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy-
.SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy-
.SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Network-

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: Note-
SONET &SDH are almost the same, but the
SONET for American standard and SDH for
.Europe
?Why SDH
Because the requirement of multiplexing and*
communication that matches the optical fiber
.cable speeds

The flexible bandwidth and ability to carry*

many services through it like (HSPDA – Video
– ATM ,,,,etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
.ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode
HSPDA: High Speed Packet Downlink Access
Non - SDH

Signal Digital Bit Rate channels

E0 kbit/s 64 One 64 kbit/s

E1 Mbit/s 2.048 E0 32

E2 Mbit/s 8.448 E0 128

E3 Mbit/s 34.368 E1 16

E4 Mbit/s 139.264 64E1

SDH

Bit Rate SDH SDH Capacity

Mbit/s 51.84 STM-0 E1 21
Mbit/s 155.52 STM-1 E1 or 1 E4 63
Mbit/s 622.08 STM-4 E1 or 4 252
E4
Mbit/s 2488.32 STM-16 E1 or 16 1008
E4
Mbit/s 9953.28 STM-64 E1 or 64 4032
E4
39813.12 STM-256 E1 or 256 16128
Mbit/s E4
:Advantages

.High transmission rates-

.Simple add and drop function-

.Reliability-

Interconnection-
:Comments
PDH is obsolete because the matter of -
.standardization

.SDH is the trend of the future-

.SDH is standard for the whole world-

The SDH Structure

•The SDH signal

transmitted as a
serial stream of
frames
•All frames have the
same structure
Identifying the SDH Frame

 A1, A2 is framing
bytes and located
as shown in
Figure
 A1,A2 bytes
provide a
reference for all
bytes in frame
SDH Rates

 Basic SDH rate = 9x270x8x8000 = 155.52

Mbps
 Base SDH Rate called STM-1
 STM is stand for: Synchronous Transport Signal
 Higher SDH rates are achieved by
Multiplexing
 we can speed up our truck to 622 Mbps or
2.488 Gbps
SDH Rates
(continued)
SDH Rates
(continued)

 STM-4 = 4x STM-1= 155 x 4 = 622 Mbps

 Also STM-16= 4xSTM-4= 2.488 Gbps
 The STM-4 frame still has 9 rows but 1080
columns
Condition for
Multiplexing
1. Frame synchronization
2. Same bit rate
3. Same frame structure
Finally:
All higher rates multiplexing use same way

Reference
- SDH fundamentals, HEWLETT PACKARD
Thank you

Any Question