Wireless

• It is type of communication technology

where electromagnetic waves carry the
signal (voice and data) on whole or part of
communication path.
• Wireless telecommunication involves
converting an audio signal into a Frequency
(RF) signal and broadcasting it using
radiating devices called antennas.
 CDMA2000 1X Network
Structure Introduction

A1(Signaling)

A2(Traffic)
Abis
A3(Signaling & Traffic)

A7(Singaling)

A11(Signaling)

A10(Traffic)

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller
HLR :Home Location Register
PCF: Packet data Control Function
HA: Home Agent
SCP: Service Control Point
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
VLR: Visitor Location Register
PDSN: Packet Data Service Node
FA: Foreign Agent
Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service
 Basic CDMA Network Elements -
Voice
MSC - Main Switching Center
VLR - Visitor Location Register
HLR - Home Location Register

BSC - Base Station Controller

BTS - Base Transceiver Station

Soft Site - Relay BTS

MS - Mobile Station
 CDMA Network Elements -
DATA
PCF - Packet Control Function
PDSN - Packet Data Switching Node
AAA/RADIUS - Authentication & Accounting
 Cellular Access MethodsCelllar
Access Methods
Power Power Time
Time Power Time

Frequency Frequency Frequency

FDMA TDMA CDMA

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access),

The current analog cellular system uses a complex system of channelization with 30 kHz channels
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access),
Uses the same frequency channelization and reuse as FDMA analog and adds a time sharing element.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access),
Uses correlative codes to distinguish one user from another. Frequency divisions are still used,
But in a much larger bandwidth (1.25 MHz).
In CDMA, a single user's channel consists of a specific frequency combined with a unique code.
CDMA also uses sectored cells to increase capacity.
One of the major differences in access is that any CDMA frequency can be used in all sectors of all cells.
 Overview of CDMA
• CDMA Carrier Bandwidth = 1.23 MHz
• CDMA Channel Band:
- Forward Link - 869 – 894 MHz
- Reverse Link - 824 – 849 MHz
• Frequency Calculations:
Transmitter Channel No. Frequency
Mobile 1<=N<=866 .03N + 825 MHz
Cell Site 1<=N<=866 .03N + 870 MHz
 CDMA CELL
• The CDMA cell provides radio functionality for a geographical area, which
can be served by an multi-directional antenna system.

• In the forward direction, the modular cell performs the following in this order:
1. Channel coding
2. Modulation
3. Radio Frequency (RF) up conversion
4. RF amplification
5. Transmission of the traffic over-the-air to the Mobile Terminal (MT) according to
the parameters sent down from the

• In the reverse direction, the modular cell performs the following in this order:
1. Receives the traffic from the MT
2. Demodulates the traffic signal
3. Decodes the traffic signal
4. Sends the traffic signal
 Zonal IPBTS L3 Network Diagram

JAL L3 Fast Ethernet Connectivity 1000/100/10 Mbps

20.70.1.201

HSP L3 SDH
Network
20.70.1.203
HSP STM JAL STM

Fast Ethernet
Connectivity
SDH
NWS L3 Network
20.70.1.204
NWS STM JAL STM

Core L3 Switch BSC

20.70.1.206
Other Zonal L3
• ASR (20.70.1.209)
• MOH(20.70.1.200) SDH
• LDH(20.70.1.207) Network
• BAT(20.70.1.202)
• PAT(20.70.1.208)
Local STM JAL STM
• SNG(20.70.1.209)
 Core L3 to BSC Connectivity

A1/A2

Zonal L3 A3/A7

Core L3 Switch
 IPBTS Network on Microwave / Radio

Microwave Link XC

OPTIX

SDH
Network
Zonal L3

Core L3 Switch
Local STM cBSC
IPBTS Tower Tower
Remote End Local End
 IPBTS Network on Fiber

Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet Connectivity
Connectivity
Connectivity

SDH
Network
Zonal L3
OPTIX
IPBTS ( Installed at Site )

Local STM Core L3 Switch cBSC

 BTS
• BTS TYPE
• E1 BTS MODEL 3606
• IP BTS MODEL 3606 C INDOOR
• MODEL 3606 AE OUTDOOR
•Cabinet Configuration
The BTS3606 cabinet is configured with CDDU, combined subrack, power supply
subrack, switch box, fan box, cable trough, and tool kit. The combined subrack is
designed for installing CTRM/CHPA and baseband boards.
The maximum capacity of a single BTS3606 cabinet is two carriers and three sectors,
as shown in Figure
•Baseband Subsystem

•The baseband subsystem comprises the BCKM, the BCIM, and the CCPM. It can
Provide Abis interface and process the Abis interface protocol.
•Provide a fiber interface to the RF subsystem, and process the Um physical layer
and Common Channel (CCH) MAC layer protocols.
•Implement modulation/demodulation of baseband data and the coding/decoding
of CDMA channels.
•Provide synchronization clock signal to the BTS.
•Perform system resource management, operation and maintenance, and
environment monitoring.

RF Subsystem
The RF subsystem consists of the BTRM, the BHPA, the CDDU, and the CCPM. It
performs the different functions in different directions:
I. In forward direction, the RF subsystem performs the following functions:
Perform power-adjustable up-conversion.

• Implement linear power amplification.

• Complete power synthesis (optional).

• Filter the modulated transmission signals.

• Send the signals to the antenna & feeder subsystem.

Boards and modules of the BTS
Acronyms Full name
BCIM BTS Control Interface Module
BCKM BTS Control and Clock Module
CCPM Compact-BTS Channel Process Module
CDDU Compact-BTS Dual Duplexer Unit
CFMM Compact-BTS Fan Monitor Module
CHPA Compact-BTS High power Amplifier
CPCM Compact-BTS Power Combination Module
CSLM Compact-BTS Serial port Lightningproof Module
CTRM Compact-BTS Transceiver Module
HPCM Compact-BTS High Precision Clock Module
PSU Power Supply Unit
II. In reverse direction, the RF subsystem performs the following functions:
• Filter the signals received by the antenna to suppress out-band interference.
• Fulfill low-noise amplification.
• Perform division.
• Implement noise factor–adjustable down-conversion.
• Perform channel-selective filtering.
• Send the signals to the baseband subsystem.
Antenna and Feeder Subsystem
•The antenna and feeder subsystem of the BTS3606 includes two parts: the RF part
and the satellite synchronization part.
•RF antenna and feeder
This part covers the transmitting and receiving antennas, and feeders. It transmits and
receives signals on the air interface.
•Satellite synchronization antenna and feeder
•This part includes the satellite signal receiving antenna, feeder, and lightning
•arrester. It receives synchronization signals from the satellites (GPS or
•GLONASS) to provide precise clock source for the BTS.
Communication
Interfaces
 Interfaces in cBSC 6600

ABIS Interface (BSC -> BTS) 2048 Kbps

Includes ABIS Traffic, ABIS Signaling & OML

IFC connecting the SDU of BSC & Channel

Abis Traffic
Processing Unit of BTS

Abis Signaling Transfers Signaling between BSC & BTS

OML signaling Implementing relevant O&M commands

from the BSC to BTS
 Interfaces in cBSC 6600
…contd

A1 IFC Call control Signals b/w MSC & BSC

A2 IFC Carries 64 Kbps PCM voice Services b/w

MSC & BSC

A3 IFC Includes A3 Signaling & A3 Traffic

A3 Signaling is used to control & allocate
channels for user traffic transmissions for IWF

A5 IFC Used for signaling b/w Inter working

Functions boards (Ckt data Switching)
 Interfaces in cBSC 6600
…contd
Transfers signaling b/w Source & Target
A7 IFC
BSC

A8 IFC Carries user traffic b/w BSC & PCF

A9 IFC Transfers signaling b/w BSC & PCF

A10 IFC Carries Traffic b/w PCF & PDSN

A11 IFC Signaling b/w PCF & PDSN

 Major Functions

Supplementary Services – call wtng, call hold, conf, voice mail

etc

Location Services – Cell based location / GPS

Signaling Tracing – UM, Abis & A IFC
Fractional ATM Function – ATM cells thro’ multiple E1
time slots
Voice processing – AEC & ALC
Circuit data services – Fax, Point to Point data trfr
 MML
Interface

Man & Machine Interface

BAM – Back Administration Module
Windows 2000 Server
Sybase & SQL Server
Connects to Multiple Windows Clients
 BAM - Client Server Connectivity
• BAM: BSC -
Jallandhar

BAM Client 2  BAM Server Standby

Mohali Switch room  Client 1 -
JALLANDHAR

Free Ports Free Ports

BAM – Back Administration
Module
 BAM Functions –Core of
O&M Centre

Enables Users to do O&M

Management
Maintain User Data
Responds to connection requests with
Client
NMC – Network Management Centre
Receives & Stores performance data – every 30
minutes
BSC Rack & Sub-
rack
 cBSC Functional Blocks

(CSWS) - CDMA Switch Sub-rack

(CIPS) - CDMA Integrated Processing Sub-rack
(CRPS) - CDMA Resource and Packet Sub-rack
(CPMS) - CDMA Packet Module Sub-rack
(CLKM) - CLocK processing Module
(CIMS) - CDMA Integrated Management System
CMPU – CDMA Main Processing Unit

CMPU is responsible for:

Managing & allocating the resources of CNET

Management proxy for other subracks

Managing & maintaining the boards in CSWS

Controls the active/standby switch over

 CNET – cdma Network Transfer &
Switch

CNET is responsible for:

Fast switching of fixed length-packets

40 switching network ports

Synchronization clock function

 Boards Position in CIPS

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
B F F F E E M M E E L S S S
I M M M V V U U V V A P P T
E R R R C C X X C C P U U U

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Note: CBIE provides the Abis interface.

CSTU provides the A1/A2 interface.
 CBIE
CBIE is responsible for:

32 standard E1/T1 interfaces

Providing a processing capability of 32 E1/T1 IMAs and

supporting pure ATM over E1 mode (UNI mode)

Supporting Fractional ATM function

The channels for inter-working between CIPS and CRPS

 CFMR – Radio Frame Processing
Board

CDMA Signal Processing Unit

CDMA Packet Processing Unit
CDMA Enhanced Vocoder /
Echo Cancellor
CSPU
 Processing Interface Signaling and Call Signaling
 Distributing Service Processing resources.
 CSPU operates in 1 + 1 backup mode
 Functions:-
 Processing the upper-layer signaling of Um interface, Abis interface,
A1 interface, A3 interface, A7 interface, and A9 interface
 Allocating various resources needed for setup signaling and traffic
connections
 Handling call signaling

Process the upper-layer signaling including:

 Um interface
 Abis interface
 A1/A2 interface
 A3 interface
 A7 interface
 A9 interface
Hands On…
 iManager M2000

 Topology Management
 History Alarms  Local Maintenance
 Performance Reports
 Security Management
 Call Statistics
 Log Management
 Alarm Management
 Configuration Management
M2000 N/W Connectivity