PEROVSKITE

“MIRACLE MINERAL”
David Lincoln
Feb 13, 2018
 PEROVSKITE MINERALS

Perovskite occurs naturally as a mineral

and as a synthetic material

CaTIO3 - calcium titanium oxide

mistaken for galena; however,

galena has a better metallic luster,
greater density, perfect cleavage
and true cubic symmetry.
 DESCRIPTION

Color Black, reddish brown, pale yellow, yellowish orange

Crystal habit Pseudo cubic – crystals show a cubic outline

Twinning complex penetration twins

Cleavage [100] good, [010] good, [001] good

Fracture Conchoidal

Mohs scale hardness 5–5.5

Luster Adamantine to metallic; may be dull

Streak grayish white

 OCCURRENCE
• Perovskite is found in contact carbonate skarns
(formed at igneous contact zones)
at Magnet Cove, Arkansas,

• limestone ejected from Mount Vesuvius,

• chlorite and talc schist in the Urals and Switzerland

• ,
• Perovskite is a common mineral in
the inclusions found in some chondritic meteorites.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGIC MAP
MAP OF MAGNET COVE
ALL NORTH AMERICA
LOCATIONS
MAGNET COVE ROCKS
 MAGNET COVE RUTILE SAMPLE

Calcium Rutile (titanium oxide)

PEROVSKITE PRODUCTION
 HISTORY
• Naturally occurring perovskite
• originally discovered in the Ural
Mountains in Russia in 1839.
• has been mined in Arkansas, the
Urals, Switzerland, Sweden, and
Germany
• useful characteristic discovered in
2009 is perovskite's ability to
absorb sunlight and generate
electricity, a natural form of a
photovoltaic cell (solar cell)
 'MIRACLE' MINERAL THAT COULD MAKE
INTERNET 1,000-TIMES FASTERuld

NOV 27, 2017 Forbes

The Perovskite mineral could transform

the tech industry.

Perovskite (CaTiO3) is a calcium titanium

oxide mineral
 WHAT ARE PEROVSKITES?

• Perovskites are a class of materials that

share a similar structure, which display a
myriad of exciting properties like
superconductivity, magnetoresistance
and superstrength
• they offer flexibility, semi-transparency,
colors, light-weight and more
• the future of solar cells and TV screens
• predicted to play a role in next-gen
electric vehicle batteries, sensors, lasers
and computers that are 1000 times
faster.
 TED TALK
• <iframe width="854"
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• https://youtu.be/2ccar3uqWsw
 RAPID DATA TRANSFER
• Uses light instead of
electricity to transfer data
• transfer data through light
waves in the terahertz
band using a simple
halogen lamp
• simultaneously activate
multiple data transfers
using different colored
lamps
 Smart Windows
• the material turns from
transparent to opaque when
heated and also converts
sunlight into electricity.
• may lead to applications like
windows that automatically
tint on a sunny day to block
the heat while also generating
electricity, power-producing
smart windows for buildings,
cars and display screens
 Smart Windows

Imagine a smart window that becomes

transparent when it is dark or cool but
darkens when the sun is bright, converting
that sunlight into electricity.

It could surround the perfect energy

efficient building

Or be developed as a heads-up display

 PEROVSKITE SYNTHESIS
• More recently, photovoltaic researchers
discovered that its unique crystalline structure
could be easily — and inexpensively —
replicated in the lab.
• It can be manufactured in ordinary labs at
room temperatures without the need for high
temp and clean rooms like silicon-based solar
cells
• In 2014 demonstrated inkjet printing
manufacturing process for perovskite sheets
 PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE
red spheres are X atoms
(usually oxygens),

blue spheres are smaller metal

cations, such as titanium Ti4+,

green spheres are a larger

metal cation, such as Ca2+.
 EMITTERS
Perovskite quantum dots in solution emit light
across the visible spectrum and could find
applications in displays like TVs and computer
terminals.
 EVERYTHING YOU
WANTED TO KNOW
• https://youtu.be/5oZWLKSDVBk

• <iframe width="854" height="480"

src="https://www.youtube.com/embe
d/5oZWLKSDVBk" frameborder="0"
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 MORE EFFICIENT SOLAR CELLS
• efficiency in making electricity
from the energy in sunlight —
based on laboratory experiments
— had soared from 15 percent to
over 22 percent in just three years
• making this the fastest-advancing
solar technology to date
• In July 2016, a team of
researchers demonstrated that
perovskite PV cells could reach a
theoretical peak efficiency of
31%
 WORKING TOGETHER WITH
SILICON
• layering perovskite solar cells with
standard silicon cells.
• Working in tandem, the two devices
can extract more power from sunlight.
• An Australian laboratory recently
announced that such an array
reached 26.4 percent efficiency.