Nama Kelompok

1. Andi Sitti Armiana

2. Dwi Rahmawati
3. Yulya Rahmayanti
Integumentary System
 The Integumentary System

The integumentary system consists of the skin,

hair, oil and sweat glands, nails,
The skin is made up of two major tissue layers The
Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis ( Subcutaneos Layer)
 EPIDERMIS

Cells in epidermis
Layers of EPidermis
 Skin Color
The color of skin is due to
melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

melanin Caratone Hemoglobin

 DERMIS
Region of Dermis
HYPODERMIS
 Accessory structures of
The skin

Hair NailS
Glands

Sebaceous Sweat
glands glands

Eccrine Apocrine
 Anatomy of a Hair

Hair
Functions of hairs

Hairs on the head guards the scalp from injury

and the sun’s rays.
Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes
from foreign particles.

Thus, hairs also function in sensing light touch.

 Hair Growth

regression
Growth stage resting stage
stage
Factor the rate of growth and the
replacement cycle

altered by illness

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy

Age

Genetics

Gender

Servere emotional stress

Lanugo Terminal Hairs
Vellus Hairs
 Hair Color
Dark Colored – Hair Blonde and Red Hairs
( mostly eumelanin ( variants of phomelanin )

White Hairs ( Lack of melanin

Gray Hairs ( Progressive decline and the accumation of air
in melanin Production ) bubbles in the shaft )
 Glands skin

Sebaceous Sweat glands

glands

Eccrine Apocrine
 Glands

 Sebaceous glands produces sebum, which oils the

hair and the surface of the skin.

 Eccrine sweat glands produce sewat,which cools the

body
 Apocrinesweat glands produce an organic secretion
that causes bidy odor when broken down by bacteria
Nails Stucture of nails
Factor the growth rate of nails:

A person’s age

Health

Nutritional status
Nails have a variety of funtions :

1. They protect the distal end of the digits.

2. They provide support and counterpressure to the

palmar surface of the fingers to enhance touch
perception and manipulation.

3. They allow us to grasp and manipulate small

objects, and they can be used to scratch and
groom the body in various ways.
Types of Skin
Physiology of the Integumentary System

Protection

Sensation

Temperature regulation

Vitamin D Production

Excretion
 Maintaining homeostasis:
Skin wound healing

(a) Division of basal epithelial

(b) Thickening of epidermis
cells and migration across wound
Continues

(c) Inflammatory phase (d) Maturation phase

 Aging and the
Integumentary system
 Most of the age-related changes occur
in the proteins in the dermis Most of the age
related changes occur in the proteins in the
dermis
 Collagen fibers in the dermis begin to
decrease in number, stiffen, break apart,
and disorganize into a shapeless, matted
tangle
 Elastic fibers lose some of their elasticity,
thicken into clumps, and fray, an effect that
is greatly accelerated in the skin of smokers
 Fibroblasts, which produce both collagen
and elastic fibers, decrease in number. As a
result, the skin forms the characteristic
crevices and furrows known as wrinkles
 Langerhans cells dwindle in number and
macrophages become less-efficient
phagocytes, thus decreasing the skin’s
immune responsiveness.
Several cosmetic anti-aging treatments are available to
diminsh the effects of aging or sun-damaged skin.
These include the following

1. Topical products
2. Microdermabrasion
3. Chemical peel
4. Laser resurfacing
5. Dermal fillers
6. Fat transplantation
7. Botulinum toxin or Botox
8. Radio frequency nonsurgical facelift,
9. Facelift, browlift, or necklift
 Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. Although

chemicals and radiation ( x-rays) are know to include
cancer, the development of skin cancer most often is
associated with exposure to ultraviolet ( UV) light from the
sun.
Theree main types of skin : Basal cell carcinoma,
Squammous cell carcinoma and Malignant melanoma
 Theree main types of
skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma

 Burns
A burn is tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity,
radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that denature (break down)
proteins in the skin. Burns destroy some of the skin’s important
contributions to homeostasis protection against microbial invasion and
dehydration, and thermoregulation.
A burn is tissue damage caused by agents
that destroy the proteins in the skin

first degree burn second degree burn third degree burn

A first degree burn involves only the epidermis .
• It is characterized by mild pain and erythema (redness) but no blisters.
• Skin functions remain intact.
• Immediate flushing with cold water may lessen the pain and damage
caused by a first-degree burn.
• Generally, healing of a first degree burn will occur in 3 to 6 days and
may be accompanied by flaking or peeling.
example of a first-degree burn => is mild sunburn.
 A second degree burn destroys the epidermis and part of
the dermis
 Some skin functions are lost.
 In a second degree burn, redness, blister formation, edema, and pain
result.
 Second-degree burns heal without skin grafting in about 3 to 4
weeks, but scarring may result.
A third degree burn or full-thickness burn destroys the epidermis,
dermis, and subcutaneous layer .
 Most skin functions are lost.
 Such burns vary in appearance from marble-white to mahogany
colored to charred, dry wounds.
 There is marked edema, and the burned region is numb because
sensory nerve endings have been destroyed.
 Regeneration occurs slowly, and much granulation tissue forms
before being covered by epithelium.
 Pressure Ulcers

Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers or

bedsores, are caused by a constant deficiency of
blood flow to tissues