This section of lectures is going to be an account of one tradition or region of the world that is believed to have influenced greatly, the thought and life pattern of other regions. During the 6th BCE the most puzzling issues amongst the thinkers was 'What are things really like?u'and 'How can we explain the processes of change in things?u. These postulations of the 6th BC today forms the basis on which all scientific discoveries of today were founded upon.
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A Brief History of Ancient,Medivval and Contemporary (Gst 211) 2
This section of lectures is going to be an account of one tradition or region of the world that is believed to have influenced greatly, the thought and life pattern of other regions. During the 6th BCE the most puzzling issues amongst the thinkers was 'What are things really like?u'and 'How can we explain the processes of change in things?u. These postulations of the 6th BC today forms the basis on which all scientific discoveries of today were founded upon.
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This section of lectures is going to be an account of one tradition or region of the world that is believed to have influenced greatly, the thought and life pattern of other regions. During the 6th BCE the most puzzling issues amongst the thinkers was 'What are things really like?u'and 'How can we explain the processes of change in things?u. These postulations of the 6th BC today forms the basis on which all scientific discoveries of today were founded upon.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
region of the world. A region of the world that is believed to have influenced greatly, the thought and life pattern of other regions. This region has come to be known as the Western Region. V áuringthe 6th BCE (Before the Common Era) the most puzzling issues amongst the thinkers was ´What are things really like?µ ´How can we explain the processes of change in things?µ. These basic questions and many more of such related questions where the subject of focus in those ancient times. V ïet us note that the many answers that were given to these questions by the earlier philosophers are not as important as the fact that they focused on these specific questions.
V These postulations of the 6th BC today
forms the basis on which all scientific discoveries of today were founded upon and that is what we shall be devoting these modules to . V Thales worked out a way of measuring the height of a pyramid during one of his trip to Egypt. V It is believed that is was during one of these trips to Egypt that he discovered the techniques which helped him predict accurately, the eclipse of the sun in may 28 585 BC. V Fell into the well as he looked up while studying the heavenly body. V Held that the original substance or the primary stuff of the universe was water. V While earlier philosophers focused at trying described the ultimate constituent of the world around us, Heraclitus shifted attention to a new problem, the problem of Õ V His chief idea was that all thing are in a state of flux. V You can not step into the same water twice. He argued that there must be something that is responsible for change, and that this thing was | V According to Anaxagoras the nature of reality is best understood as consisting of the mind and the matter V Separation is the process by which these matter formed into various things V They both believe that nature is constituted of infinite and indivisible unit called atom. V The are the smallest indivisible particle of an element, that also often exhibit a kind of movement that is random in nature. V Atoms are indestructible, V ïetus note that the many answers that were given to these questions by the earlier philosophers are not as important as the fact that they focused on these specific questions. though further and recent analysis has shown that most of the answers given by the ancient thinkers were not entirely correct, V We can rightly aver that the individual postulations and answers given, set the stage for other subsequent discuss that followed which today, has further thrown more light on the quest for knowledge and certainty V Õ
V The three most important sophists or
(intellectuals) who appeared in sometime during the fifth century BCE were Protagoras, Gorgas and Thrasymachus.
V The sophist were primarily practical
people, and especially competent in grammar, writing, and public discourse÷ V He is best known for his statement that ´man is the measure of all things, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not.µ V That is, a person is the ultimate standard of all judgments that he or she makes. V This means that whatever knowledge I might achieve about anything would be limited to my human capacities. V Protagoras thought that the objects we perceived by our various senses must possess all of the properties that different people perceive as belonging to them. V For this reason, it is impossible to discover what is the truth÷ V He took such a radical view regarding truth that he eventually gave up philosophy and turned instead to the practice and teaching of rhetoric.
V while Protagoras claimed that truth is possible
though independent of the individual perception, Gorgias denied the existence of truth.
V Gorgias propounded the extraordinary, (1) that
nothing exist, (2) if any thing exist, it is incomprehensible, (3) even were it can be comprehended, it can not be communicated V He is portrayed as the philosophy who asserted that injustice is to be preferred to the life of justice. V He did not look upon of character. injustice as a defect.
V ´ïawsµ he says are made by the ruling party for
there own interest.
V The above are examples of the kind of ideas
and thought that the sophist propagated, enthroning skepticism. It became the chief concern of Socrates to unravel the logical inconsistencies of the sophist, to rebuild the notion of truth and to establish some firm foundation for moral judgments V WEEK THREE, ïECTURE THREE, PART FOUR V GST 211 PHIïOSOPHY, ïOGIC, ANá HUMAN EXSISTENCE V ïECTURE THREE, PART FOUR, GST 211.
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