Hemorrhagic stroke

Alternative names
• brain bleeding
• brain hemorrhage
• stroke – hemorrhagic
• hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease
 Definition
• Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood
vessel bursts inside the brain.
• 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic
 Types of hemorrhagic stroke
• intracerebral hemorrhage
• subarachnoid hemorrhage
 Worldwide statistics
• WHO: 15 million people suffer a stroke each year
• 5 million die
• 5 million permanently disabled.
• high blood pressure contributes to over 12.7 million
strokes worldwide
• Europe: approximately 650,000 stroke deaths each year
• risk of stroke in blacks: almost twice that of whites
• in developed countries incidence of stroke declining due
to efforts to lower blood pressure and reduce smoking
• overall rate of stroke high due to the aging of the
population
 Causes
• high blood pressure- hypertension (ICH)
• trauma
• infections
• tumors
• blood-clotting deficiencies
• abnormalities in blood vessels (arteriovenous malformations)
• Aneurysm (SAH)
• accumulation of amyloid
• drugs - cocaine
 Warning signs and symptoms
• sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
• sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or
coordination
• sudden severe headache with no known cause
• sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially
on one side of the body
Think FAST
 Exams and tests
• neurologic exam
• CT scan
• MRI
• angiography

• CBC
• bleeding time
• prothrombin/partial thromboplastin time(PT/PTT)
• CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) examination
 Treatment
• IMMEDIATE TREATMENT
• SURGERY
• LONG-TERM TREATMENT
 Possible complications
• permanent loss of movement or sensation of a
part of the body
• joint contractures
• muscle spasticity
• permanent loss of cognitive or other brain
functions
• disruption of communication, decreased social
interaction
• decreased ability to function or care for self
• decreased life span
• urinary and respiratory tract infections
 Prevention

Risk factors

• high blood pressure

• smoking
• cocaine
• alcohol
 Did you know
• turmeric, the active ingredient of the Indian curry spice,
may help reduce the size of a hemorrhagic stroke
• stroke - leading cause of adult disability
• up to 80% of all strokes preventable
• every 45 seconds someone suffers a stroke
• every three minutes someone dies from a stroke
• more women than men die from stroke
• third most common cause of death globally
• (Which are first two?)
• Almost half of the people with a subarachnoid
hemorrhage die before reaching the hospital.
 References
• www.strokecenter.org
• www.nlm.nih.gov
• www.emedicine.medscape.com
• www.mayoclinic.org