Pump selection

Group 1
 INTRODUCTION
• Pumping systems account for nearly 20% of the world’s electrical energy
demand and range from 25-50% of the energy usage in certain
industrial plant operations (US DOE, 2004).
• Pumps have two main purposes:
• Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from
an underground aquifer into a water storage tank)
• Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants
through machines and equipment)
• Pumps operate by creating low pressure at the inlet which allows the
liquid to be pushed into the pump by atmospheric or head
pressure
 components of a pumping system
• The main components of a pumping system are:
• Pumps
• Prime movers: electric motors, diesel engines or air system
• Piping, used to carry the fluid
• Valves, used to control the flow in the system
• Other fittings, controls and instrumentation
• End-use equipment,
Types of Pumps
• Positive displacement • Jet pumps
• piston pump • Turbomachines
• Diaphragm pump • axial-flow (propeller pump)
• peristaltic pump • radial-flow (centrifugal pump)
• Rotary pumps • mixed-flow (both axial and radial
• gear pump flow)
• two-lobe rotary pump
• screw pump
Selection of Pump Type
1000
Positive
displacement
100 Radial
6000
Pumping head (m)

4000

Power (kW)
2000
hp 10 Mixed 1000
600
400
200
1 100
Axial 60
40
1 2 4 6 20
0.1 10
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Flow (m3/s)
 SPECIFIC SPEED
• SPECIFIC SPEED CRITERION (N S )
• If Ns > 500, you are most likely in the area of centrifugal pumps.
• If Ns < 500, a positive displacement pump is a likely candidate.
 *
N sp
N Q
34
Impeller Geometry: S Q
34
ghp
hp Shape Factor
Impeller
N S diameter
500 0.18 pressure low ____
Radial: high _______, flow

1000 0.37 radial

3400 1.25 mixed

6400 2.33 mixed

flow
axial: high _______, pressure
low _______
10000 3.67

*N in rpm, Q in gpm, H in ft Nsp = 2732S

 Selection of Pump
Fluid Properties
• chemical composition.
• Operating temperature.
• Solids concentrations/particle sizes.
• Specific gravity.
• Vapor pressure.
• Viscosity.
Environmental & physical Considerations
• ambient temperature and humidity
• elevation above sea level.
• the pump is to be installed indoors or outdoors.
• Pump Construction Material
 Technical parameters
Pump Specifications
• FLOW – or Discharge or Delivery [L/m]
• DELIVERY HEAD [m]
• SUCTION HEAD [m]
• TOTAL HEAD [m]
• EFFICIENCY %
• SPEED [rpm]
• DRIVING POWER [kw]
Installation Considerations
Orientation
• vertical and horizontal configurations is influenced by the following
considerations.
• driven types.
• Head room – horizontal pumps occupy less.
• Floor space – vertical pumps occupy less.
• Priming
• Maintenance – accessibility
• Pipe connections
PUMP AND SYSTEM MATCHING
For satisfactory operation, pumps and systems should be matched to
fulfil the following criteria:
• stable operation.
• satisfactory starting.
• Safety.
• no water hammer.
• Controllability.
 selection process
In the selection process the following important information is needed:
selection of the specific pump needed :
selection of the specific pump needed :
1. Draw the system curve envelope and decide the operating point.
2. Decide the number of pumps needed
3. Use the catalog of the manufacturers to select a suitable pump curve.
4. Draw the pump characteristics curve over the system curve.
5. Select a pump so that the Operating range of is within 60% to 115% of Q
at BEP.
6. Compare pumps of different manufacturers for more economical choice.
Pump Terminology
• Shutoff Head – head at 0 flow
• Operating point – the point where the pump curve
and the system curve intersect. A system curve is a
curve describing the head-flow relationship of the
pipeline system.

2
H  a  bQ

Fall 2009 CE154 15

 Pump Characteristic Curves

• Pump manufacturers provide information on the performance of their pumps

in the form of curves, commonly called pump characteristic curves.
• In pump curves the following information may be given:
• the discharge on the x-axis,
• the head on the left y-axis,
• the pump power input on the right y-axis,
• the pump efficiency as a percentage,
• the speed of the pump (rpm ).
• the NPSH of the pump.
Operating Point
 Cavitation
• Net positive suction head (NPSH)
- to ensure that water does not vaporize at the pump
impeller tip
- NPSH available = available suction head + atmospheric
pressure – vapor pressure – suction head loss = determined
by local condition
- NPSH required = characteristic of and provided by pump
curve

NPSH A
 hatm  hs  hvp   hs
• Under this condition, vapor bubbles form (water starts
to boil) at the impeller inlet and when these bubbles
are carried into a zone of higher pressure, they
collapse abruptly and hit the vanes of the impeller
(near the tips of the impeller vanes). causing:

• Damage to the pump (pump impeller)

• vibrations (and noise).
• Reduce pump capacity.
• Reduce pump efficiency
 NPSH - m
6
4
NPSH 2
0
70 Pump Curve 80%
60 70%
50 60%
H (m)

Efficiency
cy
40 cien 50%
effi

40%

%
30
20
10

0 100 200 300 400

Q (m3/hr)
• The pump characteristic curves are very important to help
select the required pump for the specified conditions.
• If the system curve is plotted on the pump curves in we may
produce the following Figure:

Matching the system and pump curves.

• The point of intersection is called the operating point.
• This matching point indicates the actual working conditions,
and therefore the proper pump that satisfy all required
performance characteristic is selected.
 NPSH - m
6
4
2
0
70 Pump Curve 70%

Efficiency %
60 60%

ncy
50 50%

icie
H (m) 40%
eff
40 System Curve
30
20
10

0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Q (m3 /hr)
 Two pumps in series

Operation of two identical pumps in parallel

Constant-speed pumps

• For this type, the angular speed , N , is constant.

• There is only one pump curve which represents the
performance of the pump

NPSH - m
6
4
NPSH 2
0
70 Pump Curve 80%
60 70%

Efficiency %
50 60%
H (m)

y
ienc

40 50%
c
effi

40%
30
20
10

0 100 200 300 400

Q (m3/hr)
Variable-speed pumps

• For this type, the angular

speed , N , is variable, i.e.;
pump can operate at
different speeds.
• The pump performance is
presented by several pump
curves, one for each speed
• Each curve is used to suit
certain operating
requirements of the system.
 •The end
•Thank you