REMEMBERING

& FORGETTING.
NUR AISHAH BINTI ABDUL RAZAK
PISMP TESL SK 1 SEM 2
 WHAT IS REMEMBERING
It is the ability to receive, store and to give out
the information when it is needed.

3 PROCESS OF REMEMBERING

ENCODING STORAGE RECALL

 PROCESS OF REMEMBERING
ENCODING
• Transformation of ideas into messages.

STORAGE
• Retention of the material encoded over a period
of time.

RETRIEVAL
• The recovery of the stored/retained information
at a later occasion.
 3 TYPES OF MEMORY

SHORT-
SENSORY
TERM
MEMORY
MEMORY

LONG-
TERM
MEMORY
 SENSORY MEMORY
• It is the stimulants
received through the senses.
• It is the most received ICONIC (VISUAL)
0.5 sec
memory but the shortest ECHOIC (AUDITORY)
to stay in mind. 3.4 sec
HAPTIC (TACTILE)
1 sec
*Activity conducted to test the iconic visual memory.
 STM VS LTM
FEATURES SHORT-TERM MEMORY LONG-TERM MEMORY
CAPACITY Limited up to 7 items only. Unlimited
DURATION Usually up to 30 seconds May range from days to a life
but varies under different time.
situation.
TYPE OF Visual images, sounds, Meaningful verbal material, life
INFORMATIO words, sentences. events.
N
CAUSES OF Displacement of old Interference, organization of
FORGETTING information by new one, material.
inadequate.
 WHAT IS FORGETTING
Forgetting is the loss, temporary or permanent
of the ability to recall, recognize something
learnt earlier.
Munn (1967)
 THEORIES OF FORGETTING
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
• Old information interferes with recall
of new information
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
• New information interferes with
recall of old information
DECAY THEORY
• Memory fades with time.
RETRIEVAL FAILURE
• The information is still within LTM but
cannot be recalled because the retrieval
cue is missing.
 Ways to Enhance Memory
CHUNKING
• The process of organizing information into
smaller groupings

SDPEKLMNBOHW
MBO/PED/SKL/WHN
 Ways to Enhance Memory
• Use mnemonic device.
• Eat plenty of green leaves vegetables.
 REFERENCES
http://www.picquery.com/improve-
memory_zMOqDRx5J1ceeT%7CAcwB7QEET0FS*
dBs%7CbOYXeiTPqas/

https://www.slideshare.net/maryquin/forgettin
g-and-remembering