Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Number Systems
Objectives
Understand why computers use binary (Base-2)
numbering.
Understand how to convert Base-2 numbers to Base-
10 or Base-8.
Understand how to convert Base-8 numbers to Base-
10 or Base 2.
Understand how to convert Base-16 numbers to Base-
10, Base 2 or Base-8.
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Why Binary System?
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Converting Base-2 to Base-10
(1 0 0 1 1)
2
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
Exponent:
Calculation:16 0 0 2 1
+ + + + =
(19)10
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• Number systems include decimal, binary,
octal and hexadecimal
• Each system have four number base
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1.1 Decimal Number System
• The Decimal Number System uses base 10. It
includes the digits {0, 1,2,…, 9}. The weighted
values for each position are:
Base
32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
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1.3 Number Base Conversion
• Binary to Decimal: multiply each digit by its
weighted position, and add each of the weighted
values together or use expansion formdirectly.
• Example the binary value 1100 1010 represents :
• 1*2^7 + 1*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 1*2^3 + 0*2^2 +
1*2^1 + 0*2^0 =
• 1 * 128 + 1 * 64 + 0 * 32 + 0 * 16 + 1 * 8 + 0 * 4 + 1 *
2+0*1=
• 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 =202
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• Decimal to Binary
There are two methods, that may be used to convert
from integer number in decimal form to binaryform:
1-Repeated Division By 2
• For this method, divide the decimal number by 2,
• If the remainder is 0, on the right side write down a 0.
• If the remainder is 1, write down a 1.
• When performing the division, the remainders which
will represent the binary equivalent of the decimal
number are written beginning at the least significant
digit (right) and each new digit is written to more
significant digit (the left) of the previous digit.
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• Example: convert the number 333 to binary.
Division Quotient Remainder Binary
333/2 166 1 1
166/2 83 0 01
83/2 41 1 101
41/2 20 1 1101
20/2 10 0 01101
10/2 5 0 001101
5/2 2 1 1001101
2/2 1 0 01001101
1/2 0 1 101001101
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Octal System
Computer scientists are often looking for
shortcuts to do things
One of the ways in which we can represent
binary numbers is to use their octal
equivalents instead
This is especially helpful when we have to do
fairly complicated tasks using numbers
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• The octal numbering system includes
eight base digits (0-7)
• After 7, the next placeholder to the right
begins with a “1”
• 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 ...
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Octal Placeholders
Number: 2 4 1
“Sixty-
Fours”
“Eights”
“Ones
”
Placeholder
Name:
Exponential
Expression: 82*2 81*4 80*1
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Transform (44978)10 to Octal
Division Quotient Remainder Binary
• .
44978 / 8 5622 2 2
5622 / 8 702 6 62
702/8 87 6 662
87/8 10 7 7662
10/8 1 2 27662
1/8 0 1 127662
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