Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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The Digestive System
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12/04/12 idk3 6
12/04/12 idk3 7
BAGAIMANA STRUKTUR SISTEM
PENCERNAAN?
• Organ utama: saluran pencernaan
• Organ tambahan: hati, pankreas, kelenjar
ludah
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Deglutition (swallowing)
• Control
– Nerves
• Glossopharyngeal (n IX)
• Vagus (n X)
• Accessory (n XI)
– Brain stem
• Deglutition center
– Medulla oblongata
– Pons
– Disorders
• Dysphagia
• Aphagia
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Esophagus
• Usually collapsed (closed)
• 3 constrictions
– Aortic arch
– Left primary bronchus
– Diaphragm
• Surrounded by
– SNS plexus
– Blood vessels
• Functions
– Secrete mucous
– Transport food
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Peristalsis and Segmentation
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Esophagus
• Sphincters
– Upper
– Lower
• Abnormalities
– Achalasia
– Atresia
– Hernia
– Barret’s esophagus
– Esophageal varices and GERD
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Stomach / Gaster
• Usually “J” shaped
• Left side, anterior to the spleen
• Mucous membrane
– G cells – make gastrin
– Goblet cells – make mucous
– Gastric pit – Oxyntic gland – Parietal cells – Make HCl
– Chief cells – Zymogenic cells
• Pepsin
• Gastric lipase
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Anatomy of the Stomach
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Stomach
• 3 muscle layers
– Oblique
– Circular
– Longitudinal
• Regions
– Cardiac sphincter
– Fundus
– Antrum (pylorus)
– Pyloric sphincter
• Vascular
• Inner surface thrown into
folds – Rugae
• Contains enzymes that work best
at pH 1-2
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Stomach
• Functions – Absorbs
– Mix food • Alcohol
– Reservoir • Water
– Start digestion of
• Lipophilic acid
• Protein
• Nucleic acids
• B 12
• Fats
– Activates some enzymes
– Destroy some bacteria
– Makes intrinsic factor – B 12
absorption
– Destroys some bacteria
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Fungsi terintegrasi Stomach / gaster
1. Penyimpananmenyimpan & mengatur
makanan ke usus
2. Pencernaan mekanik dan kimiawi
mencerna makanan menjadi kimus
3. Proteksi menghancurkan bakteri dan
patogen lainnya, tapi juga lambung harus
mampu melindungi dirinya dari bahan-2 yg
disekresikan.
Pengaturan saraf pd lambung
• Refleks vagal terjadi sebelum makanan
masuk sampai ke lambung
• Fase gastrik regangan lambung,peptida /
asam amino dlm lumen lambung
mengaktifkan sel-2 endokrin dan saraf enterik
• Hormon neurokrin dan parakrin
mempengaruhi motilitas dan sekresi
Lambung mensekresi Asam dan Enzim
1. Sekresi asam sel Parietalmensekresi HCl
asam ini mengaktifkan Pepsin, dan
mendenaturasi protein dg cara memecah
ikatan disulfida dan hidrogen
membunuh bakteri