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The Muscular
System
12th thoracic
vertebra
12th rib
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas minor
Iliac crest
Psoas major
Iliopsoas
Iliacus 5th lumbar
Anterior superior iliac spine vertebra
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris Gracilis
• Rectus femoris
Adductor magnus
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
Tendon of
quadriceps femoris
Patella
Patellar
ligament
Pectineus
(cut)
O O
Adductor Adductor
brevis magnus
I
Adductor
longus I
I
Femur
I
O = origin
I = insertion
12th thoracic
vertebra
12th rib
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas minor
Iliac crest
Psoas major
Iliopsoas
Iliacus 5th lumbar
Anterior superior iliac spine vertebra
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris Gracilis
• Rectus femoris
Adductor magnus
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
Tendon of
quadriceps femoris
Patella
Patellar
ligament
Vastus
lateralis
Vastus
intermedius
Vastus
medialis Rectus femoris
tendon (cut)
Patella
Patellar
ligament
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Abductors and lateral rotators
– Gluteus maximus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Gluteus medius (also medially rotates thigh)
– Gluteus minimus (also medially rotates thigh)
– Piriformis (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Obturator externus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Obturator internus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Gemellus (also laterally rotates thigh)
Gluteus medius
Gluteus
maximus
Adductor
magnus
Gracilis
Iliotibial
tract
Long head
Biceps
Short head femoris
Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
External
oblique Lumbar
fascia
Iliac
crest
Gluteus
medius
Median
sacral
crest Adductor
(of sacrum) magnus
Gluteus Gracilis
maximus
Iliotibial Biceps
tract femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-5 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
Gluteus medius
(cut)
Gluteus minimus
Superior
gemellus Piriformis
Obturator Obturator
internus externus
Inferior Quadratus
gemellus femoris
Gluteus
maximus
(cut)
Obturator
externus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus
maximus
Adductor
magnus
Gracilis
Iliotibial
tract
Long head
Biceps
Short head femoris
Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
External
oblique Lumbar
fascia
Iliac
crest
Gluteus
medius
Median
sacral
crest Adductor
(of sacrum) magnus
Gluteus Gracilis
maximus
Iliotibial Biceps
tract femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes
• Deep fascia of leg is continuous with fascia lata
• Segregates leg into three compartments:
anterior, lateral, and posterior
• Fascia thickens distally; forms flexor, extensor,
and fibular retinacula
Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
Tibia
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum
longus
Soleus
Extensor hallucis
longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis
brevis
Extensor digitorum
brevis
Tibialis
anterior
Extensor
hallucis
longus
O
Fibularis
tertius
Extensor
digitorum
longus
O = origin
I = insertion
Patella
Head of fibula
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis
longus
Extensor
digitorum
longus
Tibialis
anterior
Extensor hallucis
Fibularis longus
brevis Fibularis tertius
Superior and inferior
Flexor extensor retinacula
hallucis Extensor hallucis
longus brevis
Extensor digitorum
Fibular brevis
retinaculum
Lateral
malleolus
Metatarsal V
O = origin
I = insertion
Fibularis
longus
Tendon of
fibularis longus
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.23c Muscles of the lateral compartment of the right leg.
O = origin
I = insertion
Fibularis
brevis
Plantaris
Medial
Gastroc- head
nemius Lateral
head
Tendon of
gastrocnemius
Calcaneal
tendon
Medial
malleolus Lateral
malleolus
Calcaneus
Lateral
head Plantaris
(cut)
Gastroc-
Medial
nemius
head Popliteus
(cut) Head of
fibula
Soleus
Tendon of
plantaris
Fibularis
longus
Fibularis
brevis
Tendon of
tibialis
posterior
Plantaris (cut)
Gastrocnemius
Gastroc- lateral head (cut)
nemius
medial head Popliteus
(cut)
Soleus (cut)
Tibialis posterior
Fibula
Fibularis
longus
Flexor
digitorum
longus
Flexor hallucis
longus
Fibularis brevis
Tendon of
tibialis posterior
Medial
malleolus
Calcaneal
tendon (cut)
Calcaneus
O = origin
I = insertion
Tibialis
posterior
Isolated tibialis
posterior.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.24e Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
O = origin
I = insertion
Flexor
digitorum
longus
Isolated flexor
digitorum longus.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.24f Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
O = origin
O I = insertion
Popliteus
I
O
Flexor
hallucis
longus
Isolated
popliteus and
flexor hallucis
longus.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.16: Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot:
Toe Movement and Arch Support
• Muscles that flex, extend, abduct, and adduct
toes
• Support arches of foot; some leg tendons assist
• Extensor digitorum brevis: dorsal foot muscle;
helps extend toes
Tendon of
flexor hallucis longus
Lumbricals
Flexor hallucis
brevis
Flexor digiti
minimi brevis
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum
brevis
Flexor accessorius
Abductor digiti
minimi
Calcaneal
tuberosity
Lumbricals
Flexor hallucis
brevis
Flexor hallucis
longus tendon
Flexor digitorum
longus (tendon)
Flexor digiti
minimi brevis
Abductor digiti
minimi
Flexor accessorius
Fibularis longus (tendon)
Flexor digitorum
longus (tendon)
Flexor hallucis
longus (tendon)
Adductor hallucis
(transverse head)
Adductor hallucis
(oblique head)
Interosseous
muscles
Flexor hallucis
brevis
Flexor digiti
minimi brevis
Fibularis longus (tendon)
Flexor accessorius
Flexor digitorum
longus (tendon)
Flexor hallucis
longus (tendon)
Plantar
interossei
Dorsal
interossei
Adductors Hamstrings
Vastus
lateralis
Femur
Anterior
compartment
muscles
Medial
compartment Medial compartment of thigh
muscles of thigh (adducts thigh); innervated by obturator nerve
Anterior compartment of thigh
and lateral
(extends leg); innervated by femoral nerve
compartment
muscles of leg Muscles of the thigh
Triceps surae
Fibula
Fibularis
muscles