SKIN / INTEGUMENT SYSTEM

PRIYO SUSATYO & SUGIHARTO

Biology Faculty, Unsoed
SKIN IS A SYSTEM THAT VARY
EPITHELIAL LAYER: DEALING
WITH EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

DEVELOPMENT OF COATING ON
THE EMBRYO ECTODERM 
EPIDERMAL  EPIDERMIS
FUNCTION:
PROTECTION, EXTRARECEPTOR
(IRITABILITY), RESPIRATION,
EXCRETORI, TEMPERATURE
REGULATOR, HOMEOSTASIS,
NOURISHMENT (NUTRITION) & MOTION
CONSIST OF:
1. ACTUAL (EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS).
2. DERIVATIVES (IN EMBRYONIC
EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS).
SKIN: THICK (PALM);
THIN (BODY SURFACE)
EPIDERMIS: THE OUTER LAYER THAT CONNECTED
WITH EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
CONSIST OF:
1. STRATUM CORNEUM (GORE, FLATTENED AND
KERATINIZED).
2. STRATUM LUCIDUM (NATURAL SUBSTANCE
CONTAINING ELEIDIN)
3. GRANULAR LAYER (FLAT CONTAINING
PIGMENTS KERATOHIALIN)
4. STRATUM GERMINATIVUM (FLAT,
DEFFERENSIATED)
BETWEEN THE EPIDERMIS & DERMIS LAYER
WITH DROPSY (SEL CYLINDRICAL & CUBE)
DERMIS:
KORIUM; CONSIST OF STRATUM SPONGIOSUM,
STRATUM PAPILARE, STRATUM COMPACTUM,
& STRATUM RETICULARE)
 DERIVATES OF EPIDERMIS

1. CONSIST OF: STRUCTURE HARDWARE

& SOFTWARE.
NODULE HORN (BINTIL TANDUK):
thickening of the stratum corneum (Bufo sp).

2. HORN SYSTEM: epidermal scales

FEATHER
HAIR
CLAW
HORN
THE OTHER HORN
 1. NODULE HORN (BINTIL
TANDUK):

thickening of the stratum corneum (Bufo sp).

2. SCALES HORN: EPIDERMAL SCALES

(Stratum corneum)  CARAPAC

(the dorsal and ventral plastron
(CELONIA SP. / TORTOISE).
3. A FEATHER: EPIDERMAL SCALES; PLUMAE:
ROUGH,
CONSIST OF TECTRICES (SUPERFICIAL of BODY).
REMIGES (ON WINGS), RETRICES (ON TAIL)

 STALK (CALAMUS; UMBILICUS,

RACHIS),
VEXILUM (RAMI, RADII, RADIOLI).
PLUMULAE (SMOOTH FUR): rachis
(SHORT);
FILOPLUMAE (HAIR FEATHER):
RADIOLI
4. HAIR: SPECIAL EPIDERMAL

CONTOUR OF SENSORY HAIR

(PROTOTHRIK).

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN
MAMMALS.
5. CLAWS, NAILS & SOLES (CONSIST OF HARD
COATING OR STRATUM)  KERATINIZED
STRATUM CORNEUM

CLAW , CONSIST OF
DORSAL PART (CONVEX): UNGUIS, SPIKY;
VENTRAL PART (CONCAVE): SUB-UNGUIS
NAILS
WIDTH, FLAT; SUB-UNGUIS (MORE SOFT),
THE BASE OF THE SULCUS  UNGUIS (DITCH of
NAIL).
SOLES UNGUIS  SHIELD OF HORN;
SUB-UNGUIS (RESSEMBLING THE LETTERS U or
V);
KUNEUS (VENTRAL SIDE OF THE SUB-UNGUIS
KERATINIZED).
 6. HORN (COMPOSED OF BONE MATERIAL /
HORN SUBSTANCE)

- EMPTY HORN (CONTINUATION OF

FRONTAL BONE, SINGLE): FOUND IN
GOAT, SHEEP, BUFFALO, COW
- PRONG HORN (HORN EMPTY,
BRANCHED, CHANGE ANNUALLY) 
ANTELOPES
- CULA-HORN: UNIFICATION OF
HAIR, FIXED
(RHINOCHEROS/BADAK)
- RANGGA: BONE HORN,
INTERCHANGEABLE (MALE STAG)
- HORN GIRAFFE: FRONTAL BONE,
PERMANENT.
7. THE OTHER STRUCTURES OF HORN

COMB of WHALES  BALEIN

(PALATINAL PLATES) as FILTERS
FOOD.
PALATINAL RUGAE: ANIMAL MOUTH
THICKENING  found on CARNIVORA.
 8. GLAND: DERIVAIVES of EPITHELIAL CELL

AS CUP CELL/ GOBLET CELL

TYPE:
MEROKRIN (ONLY SEKRET DISCHARGING):
SALIVA, PANCREAS, MUCUS.
HOLOKRIN (ALL CELLS AS SECRETIONS):
SWEAT, FAT.
APOCRINE: SECRETIONS ONLY IN THE END /
TOP (GLAND MAMMARY)
SECRETIONS: MUCOUS GLANDS; (MUCUS)
FATS; (CEBACEUS)
SEROUS; (LIQUID AQUEOUS; SWEAT)
MILK (ATAVISM / PRIMITIVE;
 POLYMASTISME / EXTRA GLAND;
 POLYTHELISME / EXTRA NIPPLE &
 GYNEKOMASTISME / MAMMARY GLAND ON
MALE ANIMAL