Anthropological

Foundation of
Education

Rhea Angel
Anthropology
Greek word –Anthrope - man + logy -
study= Science of man/ study of mankind

-science that treats the origin, development

(physical, intellectual, moral, etc.) and
particularly the cultural development,
customs, beliefs, etc of man.
 Branches of Anthropology
Anthropology
Physical
anthropology Cultural anthropology
Man as
biological
animal
Linguistics Archa Ethnology
(Analysis of eolog People’s cultures and Behaviours
Language) y

Social
Anthropology Ethnology
(Development of (Scientific
scientific description and
generalizations classifications
about a culture, of racial groups
society or of mankind)
personality in a
universal sense)
Of What use is Anthropology?

Reduces ethnocentrism

•Contributes to
education
Programs of aid in the military, economic
and political fields are evaluated through
Cultural Anthropology
 Focused on the study of cultural variation
among humans, collecting data about the
impact of global economic and political
processes on local cultural realities.
 deals with man’s behavior and with ways
human beings carry out the activities of
daily living. The diversity of human
behavior is seen in: food habits, ways food
is cooked, habits of dress and ornaments
and relations with in-laws
culture
 Dressler- a social heritage, transmitted
from one generation to another and
shared. –
 Consists of the sum total skills, beliefs,
knowledge, arts, laws, morals, customs and
products that are commonly shared by a
number of people and transmitted to
their children.
 a. Dynamism
Static-Emphasizes cultural
transmission
• Eg. The same culture is passed from one
generation to generation

Dynamic- emphasizes change

• It goes through revision with each
generation
b. Characteristics
Learned- because of our intellect and will
• Varied- Because our social and physical nature
varies from one place to another.

Group product – because culture consists of

group habits
• Transmitted- because we are heir to our
social tradition
 c. Stability
• Culture is
stable satisfying the
group

• If culture doesn’t
satisfy the group
unstable • when violent conflict
occurs before
changes are made
d. Form

• tangible
Material • House, tools
etc.

• symbolic
Non • Folkways,customs
material , sentiments,
mores
e. Components

Values Beliefs
Idea of right of wrong View of reality shared by
a group

Behaviours Norms
Are observable Range of permissible
behaviour established by
patterns of behavior the group
f. Functions of culture

Communication
• Value standards

Approved behaviours
• Survival skills and knowledge

Identity and belonging

g. Universal pattern
 For example emotions and emotional
expressions are common across all
cultures so we all cry when we are sad
and laugh when we are happy. We also
have common attitudes and opinions such
as supportive views towards honesty and
we universally detest crime.
 Universal pattern
Language and Speech

 Keesing - language is “a vocal symbolism

of speech, with its related bodily gestures
and mechanical signals which give
precision and finesse to communication.”
 Beals and Hoijer - “a way of speaking,
distinct in every culture.”
 Universal pattern
Language and speech

Total languages spoken bet. 120-175. We have 80

languages which are Malayo Polynesian Language
(southeast asia)-Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, etc.
• Since 1938, our government had established
a national language which is Tagalog. English is
still our universal language.
50% of the population speaks English and a
native language while for the educated Filipino, it
is common to be trilingual.
 Universal pattern
Art [dance/music/literature]
 Art serves as a medium for the
communication of ideas, attitudes and
values.
 Art conserves and reinforces beliefs,
customs, attitudes and values.
 The religious art in the architecture of
churches, the religious scenes, and the
images of saints create emotional and
intellectual atmosphere needed for
religious exercises.
 Universal pattern
Art
Literature is small but of high quality. Some
early literature are destroyed because

They were written They were burned

on easy materials by the early Spanish
such as branch of friars because of
woods, stones, the idea that they
leaves, and etc... were works of evil.
 Universal pattern
technology
 Other Pre-Spanish Filipino industries
included the manufacture of liquors and
vinegars like tuba, basi, etc, export of
edible bird's nests from Northern
Palawan to China, the raising and trade of
civet cats, the manufacture of gunpowder,
the making of wax for export to China,
and the making of cotton stockings for
export.
 Universal pattern
Technology
 increase in the use of new information
technologies in education and training
stands out in the Philippines.
 The computer technology is used to
add a fun-element to education. And it
goes without saying that the Internet has
endowed education with interactivity.
 Universal pattern
Property System
 This promotes conflict between the rich
and the poor
 Universal pattern
warfare

Examples:

Execution of the 3 friars

(GUMBURZA)

KATIPUNAN by Andres
Bonifacio
 Universal pattern
Mythology and Science
 Myths and rituals are mostly influenced by
the Indians, such “Bathala” and Mariyang
Makiling.
 In 1865, studies of tropical typhoons
started in Manila
 In 1937, the national research council of
the Philippines explored the physical,
biological and social sciences.
 Universal pattern
Family and Society
 Marriage is seen to be sacred
 The Barangay, which is the smallest unit of
social and political organization is being
led by the Maharlika or Datu, Nobleman
or close relatives of the chief.
 Universal pattern
Supernatural Beliefs (and Religion)

animism Mana

Prayer Magic

shamans priest
 Universal pattern
Political System
 Long ago, it was a “gobernacion” or a
territory administered by a governor
while the church as a “patronato real”
meaning they are led by a royal patronage.
Historical foundation of education
in relation to Political System
 Political system

Pre-spanish period
 Pre-Spanish Period- The early Filipinos
considered education as a way to preserve
their culture and transmit this knowledge to
future generations.
 -education was informal and unstructured –
babaylan –posses wisdom and knowledge in
spirituality and system of governing their
own society
 -children were provided with vocational
training and less academics by parents and
houses of tribal tutors
 Political system
Spanish Regime
 Schools were established with the objective
of rearing children to learn skills acquired
by the youth in Spain. The educational
system was under the control of the Roman
Catholic Church.
 education was “religion-centered”
 -education for the elite only
 - Spanish is compulsory
 - Boys and girls school are separated
 - Inadequate, suppressed and controlled
 Priests-educators
 Political system
Thomasites/American Era
 Education was a means by which people
can be oriented toward a democratic way
of life, they made education accessible to
all.
 American teachers –US civilian and
professional citizens- thomasites
 - free and compulsory elementary
 - English is the medium of instruction
 - 600 teachers from USA taught in
Philippines
 Political system
Filipinization of Instruction
 -Commonwealth era
 free public school system
 - assignment of Filipino secretary for
department of Instruction
 Political system
Japanese Educational Policies
 Education was an instrument for Filipino’s
to embrace Japanese ideologies. It
promoted vocational education and
inspired people with the spirit of labor
 creation of ministry of education
 - teaching of Tagalog, Phil. History and
Character Education
 Political system
TRIFOCAL EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
 - DECS (Elementary and High School)
 - CHED – Higher Education
 - TESDA – Technology Based Education
 Cultural implications on Education
 Cultures differ and one should not judge
another culture by using his own culture as
basis.
 Travel, education, and reading about other
societies are ways of bringing about tolerance
and understanding between nations.
 With more diffusion between cultures, one
global society may result. Unity in spite of
diversity
Cultural implications on Education
 Since culture is made by man himself, he
should develop worthwhile values and weed
out those beliefs, mores, superstitions, etc.
that are detrimental to progress.
 Since culture changes, the change should be
for the better and society should decide
what those changes should be.
 The home, the school and the church should
guard against borrowing from other cultures
things that are against the Philippine way of
life.
Technology on education
 The contemporary teacher must be
familiar with the new educational
technologies for delivering quality
teaching
 Educational technology can benefit our
country in enhancing education through
providing assistance to students learning,
teacher productivity and by making
schools more effective instruments of
change.
Implication of language and speech
to education
 A major tool to learning and basic
requirement to interpersonal
relationships.
 Means of preserving cultural heritage.
 Criterion that differentiates the educated
from the uneducated.
 The more languages a person knows, the
better educated he is and the easier he
can adjust to other people.
Thank you!!!