employees Promotion means an improvement in pay, prestige, position and responsibilities of an employee within an organization. A mere shifting of an employee to a different job which has beet working hours, better location and more pleasing working conditions does not amount to promotions MEANING
Promotion is advancement of an employee to a
better job – better in terms of greater responsibility, more prestige or status, greater skill and especially increased rate of pay or salary. - Paul Pigors and Charles A. Myers
The upward assignment of an individual in an
organization’s hierarchy, accompanied by increased responsibilities, enhances status and usually with increased income though not always so. - Arun Monappa & Mirza S. Saiyadain CONDITIONS OF PROMOTIONS Reassignment of higher level job to an employee than what he is presently performing.
The employee will naturally be delegated with
greater responsibility and authority than what he has had earlier.
Promotion normally companies higher pay.
Purposes of promotion To motivate employees for higher productivity To attract and retain the services of qualified and competent people To recognize and reward the efficiency of an employee To increase the effectiveness of the employee and of the organization To fill up higher vacancies fro within the organization. To build loyalty, morale and a sense of belongingness in the employee. To impress upon others that opportunities are available to them too in the organization, if they perform well PURPOSES OF PROMOTION To utilize the employee’s skill, knowledge at the appropriate level resulting in organizational effectiveness and employee satisfaction.
To develop competitive spirit and inculcate the zeal
in the employees to acquire the skill, knowledge etc. required by higher level job.
To develop competent employees inside who can
adapt to changing environments.
To promote employee’s self development. It
reduces employee turn over. PURPOSES OF PROMOTION (contd..) To promote feeling of contentment with the exist conditions and also sense of belongingness.
To promote interest in training, development
programmes and team development.
To build loyalty and to boost morale.
To reward committed and loyal employees.
To get rid of problems created by leaders of unions
by promoting them to officer levels. TYPES OF PROMOTION Vertical Promotion – Employee is moved to the next higher level, in the organizational hierarchy with greater responsibility, authority, pay and status.
Upgradation – The job is upgraded in the
organizational hierarchy. Consequently, the employee gets more salary, higher authority and responsibility.
Dry Promotion – The employee is moved to the next
higher level in the organizational hierarchy with greater responsibility, authority and status without any increase in salary. Principles of promotion Clear policy for filling the positions from internal employees or through recruitment. Top positions are normally filled through recruitment and lower and middle positions through promotions Basis of promotion usually is merit or seniority Basis of promotion may also be competence of the individual Vacancy or non vacancy promotion No frequent promotions Promotion should be preceded by job analysis and performance evaluation Promotional policy should be discussed with the union BASES OF PROMOTION
SECURITY MERIT cum BASED MERIT
SENIORITY FAVORITISM BASED MERIT BASED PROMOTION
Merit is taken to denote an employee’s skill,
knowledge, ability, efficiency and aptitude as measured from educational, training and past employment record. Merits : The resources of higher order of an employee can be better utilized at higher level. It results in maximum utilization of Human Resources in the organization.
Competent employees are motivated to exert all
their resources and contribute them to the organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
It works as golden hand-cuffs regarding employee
turnover.
It continuously encourages employees to acquire
new skills, knowledge etc. Demerits : Measurement or judging of merit is highly difficult.
Many people distrust the management integrity in
judging merit.
Techniques of merit measurement are subjective.
Mostly based on past achievement, efficiency but
not about the future success. SENIORITY BASED PROMOTION Seniority refers to relative length of service in the same job and in the same organization.
By considering seniority as basis of
promotion, there is a positive correlation between length of service and amount of knowledge and level of skill acquired.
Also, it supports the custom of first come
first serve. Merits : Relatively easy to measure the length of service and judge the seniority.
There will be full support from trade union.
Everybody trust’s management action as there is
no scope for favoritism and discrimination and judgment.
Gives a sense of certainty of getting promotion to
every employee and of their turn of promotion. Merits (contd..) : Senior employees will have a sense of satisfaction to this system as the older employees are respected and their inefficiency cannot be pointed out.
It minimizes the scope of grievances and conflicts
regarding promotion.
It seems to serve the purpose in the sense that
employees may learn more with increase in length of service. Demerits :
It demotivates young and more competent
employees and results in employee turnover among dynamic force.
It kills the zeal and interest to develop as
everybody will be promoted with or without improvement.
Organizational effectiveness may be diminished
through deceleration of the human resources. Demerits (contd..)
Employees only learns upto a certain age and after
that the learning ability diminishes.
Judging seniority may seems easy but involves
problem areas job seniority, service in different organizations, experience as apprentice, researcher, length of service even in terms of hour. SENIORITY-CUM-MERIT BASED PROMOTION
Seniority-cum-merit based promotion
satisfies the management for organizational effectiveness and the employees and trade unions for respecting the length of service. A balance can be struck between the two basis by some ways as below:
Minimum length of service and merit – A
minimum length of service is kept as basic eligibility and then merit is made the sole criteria.
Measurements of seniority and merit through a
common factor
Minimum merit and seniority – Certain merit is
kept as eligibility criteria and then seniority is considered. BENEFITS OF PROMOTION Promotion places the employees in a position where an employee’s skills and knowledge can be better utilized.
It creates and increases the interest of other
employees in the company as they believe that they will also get their turn.
It creates among employees a feeling of content
with the existing conditions of work and employment. BENEFITS OF PROMOTION (contd..) It increases interest in acquiring higher qualifications, in training and in self development with a view to meet the requirements of promotion.
Promotion improves employee morale and job
satisfaction.
It improves organizational health.
PROBLEMS WITH PROMOTION Disappoints Some Employees – If some employees don’t get promoted, then they develop negative attitude and reduce their contribution to the organization.
Employees Refuse Promotion – Like promotion with
transfer, promotion to a level of incompetency, delegation of unwanted responsibilities etc.