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Digital Signals
• Consist of only two states
– Binary States
– On and off
• Computers can only
1
perform processing on
digitized signals
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Quantizing
and
Encoding
Sampling and
Hold
t
Input: Analog Signal t
Quantizing Encoding
• Separating the input • Assigning a unique digital
signal into a discrete code to each state for
states with K increments input into the
• K=2N microprocessor
– N is the number of bits of
the ADC
• Analog quantization size
– Q=(Vmax-Vmin)/2N
– Q is the Resolution
10
01
00
K=22 00 01
10
11
01
00
K=22 00 01
10
11
Ts t
t
Resolution (bit depth), Q
• Improves accuracy in measuring amplitude of analog
signal.
• Example: Resolution 12-bit means 4095 of division
Indra Hardian Mulyadi, ST., M.Eng ADC
indra@polibatam.ac.id Page 21
ADC-Error Possibilities
• Aliasing (sampling)
– Occurs when the input signal is changing much faster than
the sample rate
– Should follow the Nyquist Rule when sampling
• Answers question of what sample rate is required
• Use a sampling frequency at least twice as high as the
maximum frequency in the signal to avoid aliasing
• fsample>2*fsignal
• Quantization Error (resolution)
– Optimize resolution
– Dependent on ADC converter of microcontoller
5,00
4,29
3,57
2,86
2,14
1,43
0,71
0,00
6 4,26
= 3,78
7 5,00 VRef
1. Jelaskan proses internal yang dilakukan ADC untuk melakukan konversi dari analog
ke digital, serta jelaskan tiap langkah-langkah tersebut!
2. Berapa bit resolusi ADC pada STM32F407?
3. Berapa cycle waktu minimum untuk melakukan konversi pada ADC 8-bit
STM32F07?
4. Berapa volt tegangan input ADC maksimum yang diperbolehkan pada STM32F407?
5. Berapa volt tegangan input ADC minimum yang diperbolehkan pada STM32F407?
6. Berapa nilai ADC 10-bit jika tegangan input 0,8 V dan tegangan referensinya Vref =
3V?
7. Berapa tegangan input jika nilai ADC = 300 (ADC 12-bit) dan tegangan referensinya
menggunakan Vref 3 V?
2. Left alignment
Resolusi Minimum_Cycle
12-bit 12
10-bit 10
6-bit 8
8-bit 6