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HOW TO WRITE

CHAPTER I OF A
THESIS

Reportedy by:
Jann Enrique L. Moreno
Mervin Carlo B. Alcantara
 Introduction
 Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
 Statement of the Problem
 Assumption or Hypothesis
 Significance or Importance of the Study
 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
 Definition of Terms

The Components of Chapter I


INTRODUCTION

The introduction of a thesis should


contain a discussion or an
explanation of all or any of the
following items:
Presentation of the
Problem

 Assertion beginning
 Quotation beginning
 Question beginning

INTRODUCTION
The existence of an
undesirable condition
which clearly manifests
the need for an
immediate solution

INTRODUCTION
The researcher’s
objective in pursuing the
study, that which
motivated her to make an
inquiry on the problem

INTRODUCTION
The historical
background of the
problem as a jumping for
the researcher’s desire to
pursue the study

INTRODUCTION
The researcher’s desire
to have a deeper
understanding of the
prevailing problem

INTRODUCTION
Any other significant
concept that relates to
the subject of inquiry
whih may add to the
rationale of the study

INTRODUCTION
Points of views which
rationalize the inclusion
of the theory that may be
adopted for the research
theoretical framework
that immediately follows

INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theoretical Framework draws up to


the rationale of the research problem,
the basis of the research objectives, and
the scope of the research work which
may be considered as the extent of its
parameters
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theoretical Framework calls for a theory


upon which the central theme of the research
problem is anchored. The theory presents
“abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables,
and their relations that explain and predict
how and observed phenomenon exists and
operates”
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theoretical Framework bridges


the present study with existing
theories in the process of analyzing,
interpreting, and harmonizing findings
arising from similar or related
constructs
THEORY
 Kerlinger as cited by Tejero, (2004)
defines theory as a set of interrelated
constructs, definitions, and prepositions
that present a systematic paradigm of
phenomenon by specifying relations
among variables, with the purpose of
predicting the phenomena

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Like the Theoretical Framework the


Conceptual Framework presents definite or
specific concepts which are called constructs.
But instead of using theories, the researcher
may use concepts which are assumed to be
true but they remain to be proven
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It simply consists of specific questions


to be answered by the researcher on
the basis of the data that may be
gathered thru the instruments which
may either be in form of
questionnaires or interviews or both
The questions under the
statement of the
problems must be
arranged in the order of
the researcher’s research
design

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


The question on the
problems encountered by
the respondents in terms
of either physical, social,
psychological, or
professional as the need
arises

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


Questions which may
determine the significant
relationship of the
variables, factors or
constructs with those of
the problems

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


A question on the
implication of the study
to the discipline under
consideration

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

A paradigm is a diagrammatic representation


of a conceptual framework. It vividly pictures
what the study is all about. The paradigm of
a study is a structural pattern or model which
illustrated the INPUT, PROCESS, and OUTPUT
of the research work
INPUT
 The information fed into the
study

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY


PROCESS
A method of operations that
brings about a particular result

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY


OUTPUT
 The result of processing
information or data at a given
period

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY


HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis limits and


identifies the areas to be studied
It should be observable,
in the sense that the
explanations could
emprically manifested

HYPOTHESIS
It should be reasonable
and should clearly
indicate the relationship
between variables

HYPOTHESIS
It should be measurable

HYPOTHESIS
It should follow the
findings of the previous
studies

HYPOTHESIS
TWO TYPES OF
HYPOTHESIS

 Null Hypothesis
 Alternative Hypothesis

HYPOTHESIS
The Significance of
the Study
This portion of the thesis indicates the importance of the
study to any group which may derive any form of benefits
from the findings of the study.

The researcher may attempt to explain the significance of the


research in bringing about
 Improvements to social
 Economic
 Education
 Or Heatlh Status
As the case maybe depending on what would be the objective of
the study.
Following questions may serve as guide:
1. Who do you think will benefit from the result of the study?
2. What particular benefits for a particular beneficiaries could be
derived from the study?
Scope and Delimitations of
the Study
The scope and delimitations of the body is an essential
part of the thesis.
It presents the coverage or boundaries of the research
study, in terms of
 Areas
 Issues
 Respondents
 Period of the study
 Limitations / constraints of the study
The researchers may also mention the research method
and the sampling technique.

If there would be limitations or constraints in the study,


the researcher should rationalize the conditions so that
the readers would equally understand the existence of
the restricions.
Definition of
Terms
Serves as an instrument for unlocking
of difficulties
Only the key terms should be defined. The key terms are
important words or terminologies which are needed in facilitating
understanding of the problem under study.
Terms to be defined should be alphabetically arranged

There are TWO types of definitions for a study


 Conceptual Definition – based on literal definitions
which are taken from dictionaries, encyclopedias,
thesaurus or glossaries of the books, hence the
sources should be indicated after the definition.
 Operational Definition – based on contextual
meanings, derived from the way they are used in the
study. Definitions from observed characteristics or
usage of terms, no need to cite sources.

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