Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tuğçe AYDIN
COMMUNICATION
Communication is the
process of sending and
receiving messages
between parties
Basic Model Of Communication
THE NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
1-Senders and Receivers
2-Transmitters and Receptor
3-Messages and Channels
4-Decoding, Meaning, and Encoding
5-Feedback
Senders & Receivers
Each have goals and objectives
The sender may want to change the
receiver’s mind
The receiver may not want to have his
mind changed
Transmitters and Receptors
is the equipment by which
information is sent
direct expressions
symbolic representations
Decoding, Meaning, and Encoding
Decoding is the process of translating messages
from their symbolic form into interpretations
that can be understood.
Meanings are the facts, ideas, feelings,
reactions, or thoughts that exist whitin
individuals, and act as a set of “filters” through
which the decoded messages are interpreted.
Encoding is the process by which messages are
put into symbolic form
Feedback
is the process by which the receiver
“reacts” to the sender’s message
It is impossible to avoid
communicating
Communication is largely nonverbal
Context affects communication
Meanings are in people, not in words
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNICATION (cont’d)
Communication is irreversible
Noise affects communication
Communication is circular
Creating common goal is essential
Communication has effects
VERBAL AND NONVERBAL
MESSAGES
Basic ways in which people send
and receive messages
Verbal Messages
Messages sent verbally are messsages
expressed in words
Voice
Physical Movements
Space
Simple/complex,
Natural/flamboyant
JOHARI WINDOW
Arena
Adjectives selected by both the
participant and his or her peers
Imbalance or
asymmetry
in negotiating power
leads the high power
party to perform
significantly better than
the low power party.
GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Be Exact
Use the word “is” carefully
Avoid Overgeneralization
Be sensitive to connotative
meaning
Do not to overuse you or your
Count from 1 to 10
GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Recognize that you don’t know all the
answers to all questions
Always remember that what others
may not mean the way we think they
mean it
Focus on common interests rather
than differences
Think positive
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION
EFFECTIVENESS IN
NEGOTIATION
QUESTIONING
For clarifying ACTIVE
communications, and LISTENING /
eliminating noise and REFLECTING
distortion .
ROLE REVERSAL
Understand the other’s
position by actively
arguing his position to
his satisfaction.
BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION
Ayşen ERKILIÇ
What is
“Business Communication”?
sending and
receiving of
messages in an
organization
Intentional
Unintentional
Characteristics of Business
Communication
Complex,
Competitive,
Group oriented,
Task oriented,
Data based .
Carter and Huzan(1981), studied the
nature of a business
Telephone
People-to-people communication
Typing
People-to-paper communication
Copying
Paper-to-paper transfer
Storing
Paper-to-file transfer
Information retrieval
Files-to-people transfer
Employees Responsibility
They should serve as;
Interpreter
Humanizer
Promoter
Communication Skills
Listening
Writing
Interviewing
Group discussion
Interpersonal communication
Public speaking
Nonverbal communication
Problem solving
Telephone communication
Communication Ethics
Communication ethics is
the consideration of
the rightness of
wrongness of a given
communication act.
Communication Networks
CEO
Vice-President,
Vice-President, Vice-President, Vice-President, Vice-President,
Services
Auxiliary Research and Manufacturing Sales
Technical
Services Development Engineering Marketing
Assistance
CRX 3000
AT Computers
AT
Communication Networks
(cont’d)
Line networks normally involve
superior-subordinate relationships.
command.
Formal communication networks
Vice-President,
Vice-President, Vice-President, Vice-President, Vice-President,
Services
Auxiliary Research and Manufacturing Sales
Technical
Services Development Engineering Marketing
Assistance
contain more of the written, Maintenance
Production
development
Personal
computers
CRX 1000
PC
Individual
customers
CRX 3000
AT Computers
AT
Informal Networks
Informal networks are unofficial
channels through which information
passes in an organization.
Informal networks are faster,
richer, and often more accurate, and
communication is more likely to be
face-to-face.
Span Of Control
(b)
CEO
Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag Manag
Manag er er er er er er er er er er
er
(b) Flat Organization structure
Information Flow in Business
Organizations
Downward communication occurs when a
manager or supervisor sends a message to
one or more subordinates.
Upward communication occurs when
messages flow from subordinates to
managers or from supervisors to
executives.
Horizontal communication occurs between
people at the same level, or between
people at corresponding levels in different
divisions.
Information Flow in Business
Organizations
Organizational theorists Tannenbaum
and Schmidt, displays the range of
communication styles
The more you control, the less you
involve;
The more you involve, the less you
control.
Conferring, you want to
learn from them yet
the control the
interaction
somewhat
Collaborating,you and
your audience are
working together to
come up with the
content
persuading
Instructing, explaining.
You want your audience
Do not need your to do something
audience’s different
opinions.
Thanks For
Attendance…!!!