Anisotropy Interpretation

• How rocks get to be anisotropic

• Measurement issues
• AIT-HRLA combination

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 1
Sand-Shale Rv

• Note that layers

are far from
uniform
Rh
• Cambrian
bioturbated sands
• From Texas
• If sands are filled
with hydrocarbon,
Rv > Rh
Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 2
Sand-Shale

• Layers on all
scales
• Sands have thin
shale layers
• Shales have thin
sand layers

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 3
Klein Model

• Clean Sand
• Anisotropic if
– Large grain pores
contain
hydrocarbon
(good)
– Small grains are
cemented (bad)

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 4
Rock Anisotropy

• Varying causes
– Sand-shale
– Grain-size
• Widely varying
scales

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 5
Aeolian Deposited

• Navajo Sandstone,
Zion Nat’l Park
• Note that the
apparent dip of
each bed is different
and changing

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 6
Water Deposited

• I-70 road cut, Utah

• Beach deposit

1 in.

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 7
HRLA Principle and Modes

24 ft

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 8
 Inversion Processing HRLA log data

Layer definition

Initial formation
model parameters

Compute tool response

To formation model

Does computed No Update formation

Response match actual
Tool response? parameters

Ye
s
Output results

Formation model is
updated until there is a
good match between
modeled tool response and
actual log data.
Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 9
HRLA in a Homogeneous
Anisotropic Medium
• Note curve
separation—shallow
to deep
• Shallow more
affected

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 10
Rxo < Rt Invasion

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 11
2D Formation

• Model AIT and

HRLA in 2D
anisotropic
formation
• Note shoulder
effect on HRLA

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 12
AIT Invasion
Inversion
• Available on
Maxis in real
time
• Also in PrePlus
on GF

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 13
Rv Inversion

• Use AIT to
compute Raiso
for RLA5
• Solve for l
• Thus Rv
• Problems with
shoulder effect
on HRLA

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 14
Field Logs

• Main pay zone

• Gas sand
• Channel sand
environment
• 8.5-in. bit
• Rm = .08 ohm-m

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 15
Field Logs

• Rv
interpretation
• Shoulder effect
on HRLA
problematic

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 16
2D Inversion for
Rv using RT2D
• SRPC inversion
• Invasion 2.x
• Rv added by O.
Faivre

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 17
Field Logs

• LRP zone
• Unexpected gas

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 18
Field Logs

• Rv ~3 ohm-m
in LRP zone

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 19
2D Inversion

• No clear
difference
between pay
and shale
• Sands are very
fine-grained

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 20
Field Logs

• Another well
• Expected LRP
zone

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 21
Field Logs

• Weak
anisotropy

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 22
2D Inversion

• Still weak
anisotropy

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 23
Canadian Example

DPHI

NPOR
Rv
Rh Bound Clay
Bound Fluid
Rv/Rh
SRES
CMR FMI Static
FMI Dynamic
Calipers

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 24
Anisotropy Summary

• Rocks can be anisotropic to resistivity

because of depositional environment
• This can complicate interpretation (LRP, etc.)
• AIT-HRLA combination can be interpreted for
Rv in the “overlap” region
• More work needed on petrophysics!

Adv Interp
T. Barber 7/01 6/01 25