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ANOVA
(ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE)
HISTORY
GENDER AGE
Sum of Degrees of
Variance Source Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
MEANx TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7
Girls 7 10 14 10.3
Average 6.5 8.5 12 9
SUM OF SQUARES OF 1ST FACTOR (GENDER)
+
SUM OF SQUARES OF 2ND FACTOR (AGE)
+
SUM OF SQUARES WITHIN (ERROR)
+
TOTAL SUM OF SQUARES OF BOTH FACTORS (INTERACTION)
__________________________________________________________
SUM OF SQUARES TOTAL
SUM OF SQUARES OF 1ST FACTOR (GENDER)
GENDER SCORE AGE GROUP GENDER SCORE AGE GROUP
boys 4 10 year olds girls 4 10 year olds
boys 6 10 year olds girls 8 10 year olds
boys 8 10 year olds girls 9 10 year olds
boys 6 11 year olds girls 7 11 year olds
boys 6 11 year olds girls 10 11 year olds
boys 9 11 year olds girls 13 11 year olds
boys 8 12 year olds girls 12 12 year olds
boys 9 12 year olds girls 14 12 year olds
boys 13 12 year olds girls 16 12 year olds
BOYS
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds
4 6 8
6 6 9
8 9 13
MEAN TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7 Boys Mean
Girls 7 10 14 10.3
Average 6.5 8.5 12 9 Grand mean
GRAND
BOYS
SCORE MEAN
MEAN
4 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
6 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
8 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
6 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
6 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
9 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
8 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
9 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
13 7.7 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
Sum of squares = 16
GIRLS
10yr. olds 11yr. olds 12 yr. olds
4 7 12
8 10 14
9 13 16
MEAN TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7
Girls 7 10 14 10.3 Girls mean
4 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
8 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
9 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
7 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
10 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
13 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
12 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
14 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
16 10.3 - 9= (-1.3) =
2 1.8
Sum of squares = 16
SUM OF SQUARES FOR 1ST FACTOR (GENDER)
SSA = 16 + 16
= 32
Sum of Degrees of
Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
MEANx TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7
Girls 7 10 14 10.3
Average 6.5 8.5 12 9 Grand mean
Age mean
GRAND
Boys Age
SCORE MEAN
Mean
4 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
6 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
8 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
6 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
6 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
9 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
8 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
9 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
13 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
Sum of squares = 46.5
Girls GRAND
SCORE Age MEAN
Mean
4 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
8 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
9 6.5 - 9= (-2.5) =
2 6.3
7 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
10 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
13 8.5 - 9= (-0.5) =
2 0.25
12 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
14 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
16 12 - 9= (3) =
2 9
Sum of squares = 46.5
SUM OF SQUARES FOR 2ND FACTOR (AGE)
SSB = 46.5 + 46.5
= 93
Sum of Degrees of
Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
4 - 6 (-2.) =
2 4
6 - 6 (0) =
2 0
8 - 6 (2) =
2 4
6 - 7 (-2) =
2 4
6 - 7 (-1) =
2 1
9 - 7 (2) =
2 4
8 - 10 (-2) =
2 4
9 - 10 (-1) =
2 1
13 - 10 (3) =
2 9
Sum of squares = 28
GIRLS
10yr. olds 11yr. olds 12 yr. olds
4 7 12
8 10 14
9 13 16
MEAN TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7
Girls 7 10 14 10.3
Average 6.5 8.5 12 9
Age
Girls
Mean
SCORE
4 - 7 (-3.) =
2 9
8 - 7 (-1) =
2 1
9 - 7 (2) =
2 4
7 - 10 (-3) =
2 9
10 - 10 (0) =
2 0
13 - 10 (3) =
2 9
12 - 14 (-2) =
2 4
14 - 14 (0) =
2 0
16 - 14 (2) =
2 4
Sum of squares = 40
SUM OF SQUARES WITHIN(ERROR)
SSE = 28 + 40
= 68
Sum of Degrees of
Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
MEANx TABLE
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds Average
Boys 6 7 10 7.7
Girls 7 10 14 10.3
Average 6.5 8.5 12 9
Girls SCORE Grand Mean
4 - 9= (-5)
2 = 25
6 9= (-3)
2
= 9
8 - 9= (-1)
2 = 1
6 9= (-3)
2 = 9
6 - 9= (-3) =
2 9
9 9= (0)
2 = 0
8 - 9= (-1) =
2 1
9 9= (0)
2 = 0
13 - 9= (4)
2 = 16
4 9= (-5)
2 = 25
8 - 9= (1)
2 = 1
9 9= (0)
2 = 0
7 - 9= (-2)
2 = 4
10 9= (1)
2 = 1
13 - 9= (4)
2 = 16
12 9= (-3)
2 = 9 Sum of squares =
14 - 9= (5)
2 = 25 200
16 9= (7)
2 = 49
SUM OF SQUARES TOTAL
SST = 200
Sum of Degrees of
Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
=7
Sum of Degrees of
Mean square F ratio
squares Freedom
= 2-1 =2
=1
BOYS GIRLS
10 yr. olds 11 yr. olds 12 yr. olds 10yr. olds 11yr. olds 12 yr. olds
4 6 8 4 7 12
6 6 9 8 10 14
8 9 13 9 13 16
n-1 n-1 n-1 n-1 n-1 n-1
3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1
2 2 2 2 2 2
df = 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2 + 2
= 12
DEGREE OF FREEDOM OF SSAB