Professional Documents
Culture Documents
terkait Pelayanan
Kesehatan
Muhammad Hilfi Radifan Pandia
Kerangka Presentasi
Definisi
Epidemiologi
Faktor Risiko
Etiologi
Nosokomial/healthcare-
ISK/UTI CA-bakteriuria
acquired
Dunia
• 97% ISK nosokomial terkait instrumentasi
• HAI terbanyak
Amerika Serikat
• 40% HAI = ISK nosokomial
• 15-25% pasien rawat inap dikaterisasi
• Mayoritas dikaterisasi 2-4 hari
• 5-10% pasien LTCF dikaterisasi
• Hampir semua bakteriuria
Insiden CA-bakteriuria: 3-8% per hari
Faktor Risiko
kolonisasi uropatogen
Perempuan
di meatus
kelalaian perawatan
usia tua
kateter
peningkatan serum
Jenis pemasangan
kreatinin pada saat
kateter
dikaterisasi.
Jenis Pemasangan Kateter
Intermiten
Indwelling
Suprapubic
Etiologi
E. coli
• Anaerob fakultatif
• Meragi laktosa
• Oksidase negatif
• Virulensi: LPS (O, core, lipid A), kapsul, variasi antigenic phase, sistem sekresi
tipe III, resistensi antimikroba, adhesin uropatogen (pili P dan fimbrae Dr)
Klebsiella
• Kapsul unik
• Koloni mukoid
• Tidak motil
• Meragi laktosa
Enterobactericeae
Pseudomonas
• Aerob obligat
• Faktor virulensi: adhesin, toksin & enzim, resistensi antimikroba
• hemolisis β, pigmen kehijauan, dan aroma yang menyerupai anggur
• Oksidase positif
Proteus mirabilis
• Urease >>
• Koloni menjalar
Staphylococcus
• Koagulase positif
aureus
• S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis
Staphylococcus
• Koloni pada agar darah: besar dan halus
koagulase negatif
• Beberapa dapat menghidrolisis
▪ Hooton TM. Nosocomial urinary tract infections. ▪ National Health Service. Urinary catheter – types
Dalam: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editor. [Internet]. Tersedia di:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principle and https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-
practice of infectious diseases. Edisi ke-8. catheters/types/ [diakses pada 17 Sep 18]
Philadelphia: Elsevier. 2015
▪ Damani N. Prevention of catheter-associated urinary
▪ Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenes DD, Colgan R, tract infections. Dalam: Friedman C, editor. IFIC basic
Geerlingg SE, Rice JE, dkk. Diagnosis, prevention, concept of infection control. Edisi ke-3. Portadown:
and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract IFIC. 2016
infection in adults: 2009 international clinical practice
guidelines from the infectious diseases society of ▪ Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, Mietzner T. Jawetz,
America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50:625-63 Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 27th ed.
United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2016
▪ Leelakrishna P, Karthik RB. A study of risk factors for
catheter associated urinary tract infection. Int J Adv ▪ Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical
Med. 2018;5:334-9 Microbiology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders;
2013
▪ Hamid ARAH. Infeksi saluran kemih karena
pemasangan kateter (CAUTI). Dalam: Seputra KP, ▪ Bank S, Jensen A, Hansen TM, Søby KM, Prag J.
Tarmono, Noegroho BS, Mochtar CA, Wahyudi I, Actinobaculum schaalii, a common uropathogen in
Renaldo J, dkk. Guideline penatalaksanaan infeksi elderly patients, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis.
saluran kemih dan genitalia pria 2015. Edisi ke-2. 2010;16(1):76-80
Surabaya: Ikatan Ahli Urologi Indonesia. 2015