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CHEE 2404
Dalhousie University
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Physical Processes
3. Thermal Processes
4. Catalytic Processes
5. Conversion of Heavy Residues
6. Treatment of Refinery Gas Streams
Chemical
Physical
Thermal Catalytic
Distillation Visbreaking Hydrotreating
Solvent extraction Delayed coking Catalytic reforming
Propane deasphalting Flexicoking Catalytic cracking
Solvent dewaxing Hydrocracking
Blending Catalytic dewaxing
Alkylation
Polymerization
Isomerization
Valve trays
Perforations are covered by caps
lifted by vapour, which creates a
flow area and directs the vapour
horizontally into the liquid.
Sieve trays
Sieve trays are simply metal
plates with holes in them. Vapour
passes straight upward through
the liquid on the plate. The
arrangement, number and size of
the holes are design parameters.
CHEE 2404: Industrial Chemistry 24
Liquid and vapour flows in a tray column
• The clean gas is then suitable as fuel for the refinery furnaces. The
liquid stream is the product from hydrotreating and is normally sent to
a stripping column for removal of H2S and other undesirable
components.
• In cases where steam is used for stripping, the product is sent to a
vacuum drier for removal of water.
• Hydrodesulfurized products are blended or used as catalytic reforming
feedstock.