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CH,
M.Tech(E.I.),
104018.
Outline:
What is ultrasound?
About Ultrasound imaging
Applications
Overall ultrasound imaging system
Ultrasound transducer
Imaging modes
Benefits and Risks
References
Ultrasound?
The frequencies above the audio frequency range of
human ear which is greater than 20 kHz.
Imaging
What is Ultrasound Imaging?
Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning
or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to
high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the
inside of the body.
Short pulse
( < 1 µs )
Electrical Piezoelectrical
crystal Ultrasonic wave
energy
Acoustic insulator:
An acoustic absorber is attached to the back of the
piezo-ceramic material to prevent any sound waves
from the back of the transducer from interfering with
the sound waves on the front of the transducer.
Imaging Modes:
Different modes of ultrasound are used in medical
imaging. These are:
A-mode (Amplitude): imaging displays the amplitude of
a sampled voltage signal for a single sound wave as a
function of time. This mode is considered 1D and used to
measure the distance between two objects.
B-mode (Brightness): imaging is the same as A-mode,
except that brightness is used to represent the amplitude of
the sampled signal. B mode imaging is performed by
sweeping the transmitted sound wave over the plane to
produce a 2D image.
Doppler mode: This mode makes use of the Doppler
effect in measuring and visualizing blood flow.
CW (Continuous Wave) Doppler, a sound wave at a single
frequency is continuously transmitted from one piezo-
electric element and a second piezo-electric element is
used to continuously record the reflected sound wave.
Pulsed wave (PW) Doppler: Doppler information is
sampled from only a small sample volume (defined in 2D
image), and presented on a timeline
Benefits and Risks:
Benefits:
Ultrasound scanning is noninvasive (no needles or injections) and is usually
painless.
Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis and
monitoring of pregnant women and their unborn babies.
Easy-to-use and less expensive than other imaging methods.
Ultrasound scanning gives a clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up
well on x-ray images.
Risks:
For standard diagnostic ultrasound there are no known harmful effects
on humans.
Limitations:
Large patients are more difficult to image by
ultrasound because tissue attenuates (weakens) the
sound waves as they pass deeper into the body.