Storage Tank

Design
as per
IS 803 / API
650
 Storage Tank Classification
 A storage tank is a construction or a container,
usually holding liquid's, sometimes for gases.
 According to NFPA (National Fire Protection
Association), atmospheric storage tanks are
defined as those tanks that are designed to
operate at pressure between atmospheric
pressure and 6.9 Kpa gage, as measured at the
top of the tank.
 Such tanks are builds in two basic design – the
fixed roof design & External floating roof design.
 Storage Tank Classification
(Contd.)

 Fixed roof design:

Fixed-roof tanks consist of a cylindrical shell with a permanently welded
roof that can be flat, conical or dome-shaped. Such Tanks are used to
store materials with a true vapor pressure of less than 10.3 KPa absolute.

 External-Floating Roof Design.

In floating-roof storage tanks, the roof is made to rest on the stored liquid
and is free to move with the level of the liquid. These tanks reduce
evaporation losses and control breathing losses while filling. They are
preferred for storage of petroleum products with a true vapor pressure of
10.3 to 76.5 KPa absolute.
 DESIGN OF
CONE ROOF TANK, 200 m3
(Design and Construction Code: IS 803 / API 650 )
 Diameter: (D)= 6.0 m
 Height:= 7.5 m
 Design Liquid Height (H)= 7.5 m
 Design Pressure : (h)=Hydrostatic+150 mm WC, and 50 mm WC (vacuum)
 Design Temperature=75° C
 Operating Pressure=Ambient, Hydrostatic
 Operating Temperature=4°-50° C
 Design Specific Gravity: (G)=0.85
 Product Stored :Crude oil
 Corrosion Allowance: (CA)= 1.6 mm for Shell and Bottom, 0 mm for roof
 Basic wind speed : (Vb)= 47 m/sec (As per IS 875 Pt 3)
 Seismic loads :IS 1893 Zone III
 Joint efficiency:0.85
 Test Pressure:Full of water
 MaterialShell, Bottom & Roof: IS 2062 Gr A
 Yeild Strength: (fy)250 MPa (2549.3 Kgf/cm2 )
 Tensile Strength: (T)410 MPa (4180.8 Kgf/cm2 )
 Roof slope:1:5
 Shape Factor=0.7
Drawing of Storage Tank
 Design Condition as Per IS 803
 S1 = 0.7 (Yield Strength) = 0.7 x 250 MPa
= 175 MPa
= 1784.5 Kgf/cm2
= 25381.6 psi

 S2 = 0.4 (Tensile strength) = 0.4 x 410 MPa

= 164 MPa
= 1672.3 Kgf/cm2
= 23786.2 psi
 Allowable Stress, S = Minimum of S1 or S2 = 164 MPa
= 1672.3 Kgf/cm2
= 23786.2 psi
 DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES
(Reference: IS 803-CI 6.3.3)
Plate Thickness:
The minimum thickness of shell plates should not be less than
calculated from following formula.
t= (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
Where,
t= minimum thickness in mm;
D= nominal diameter of tank in m;
H= height from the bottom of the course under consideration to top
of curb angle m;
G= specific gravity of liquid to be stored, but in no case less than 1;
S= allowable stress; and
E= joint efficiency factor.
 DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)
 1st Shell Course from bottom
t1 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (7.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.89 mm
 Provide 8 mm thick for 1500 mm height for bottom first
shell course.
 2nd Shell Course from bottom
H = 7.5-1.5 = 6.00 m
t2 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (6.00-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.62 mm
 Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for bottom 2nd
shell course.
 DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)
 3rd Shell course
H = 7.5-3 = 4.5 m
t3 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (4.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.35 mm
 Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 3rd shell
course.
 4th Shell course
H = 7.5-4.5 = 3.0 m
t4 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (3.0-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.22 mm
 Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 4th shell
course.
 DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)
 5th Shell course

H = 7.5-6 = 1.5 m
t5 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (1.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 1.82 mm

 Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 5th shell

course.

As per Cl. 6.3.3.2 Shell thickness provided are above

minimum nominal thickness recommended.
DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)

Summary of Tank shell plates

No of shell Height of Calculated Thickness Thickness
course from course thickness required as provided
bottom
per design
(mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm)

t1 1500 2.89 5 8
t2 1500 2.62 5 6
t3 1500 2.35 5 6
t4 1500 2.2 5 6
t5 1500 1.82 5 6
Shell Development and Weld Detail
 Bottom plate thickness:

Refer IS 803 Cl. 6.2 for bottom plate

uniformly resting on foundation or
ground.
Min. thickness = 6 mm + CA
= 6 mm + 1.6 mm
= 7.6 mm
Provide 8 mm thick bottom plate.
Bottom Plate Development
Self Supporting Conical Roof Curb angle:

 As per IS 803 CI: 6.3.6.2, minimum size of top curb angle

required is 65 x 65 x 6 mm.
 Provide top curb angle of 75 X 75 X 10 mm all round the
tank.
 Area of Curb angle, Ac provided = 14.02 cm2
 Area of Curb angle, Ac required = (PD2/117500 tan G) –
0.1Ws.ts - 0.1Wr.tr
 Where P is upward pressure on tank roof (allowing for roof
self weight) in N/m2.
 Internal Pressure of Tank, Pi = 150 mm WC = 1500 N/m2
 Weight of Roof Plate = 1130 kg
 Weight of rafter (ISWB 150) with Accessories = 450 kg
 Weight of rafter (ISWB 150) with Accessories = 450 kg
Self Supporting Conical Roof Curb angle
(contd.):
 Equivalent Weight Downward Pressure = (11300 N +4500 N)/ 28 m2 =
560 N/m2
 Effective Internal Pressure on roof, P = (1500 – 560) N/m2 = 940 N/m2
 Tank Diameter, D = 6 m
 Roof Slope from horizontal, G deg = tan -1 (0.2) =11.3 deg
 Ws = Shell width in compression region = 0.19 (Rs. ts)0.5 = 0.19 (300
cm x 6 mm)0.5 = 8.1 cm
 ts = Shell thickness = 6 mm
 Wr = Width of roof in compression region = 0.095 (Rr. tr)0.5 = 0.095 (300
cm x 5 mm)0.5 = 3.68 cm
 tr = Roof Thickness = 5 mm (Adopted, Cl. 6.4.5)
 Ac (required) = ((940 x 62 / 117500 x 0.2) – 0.1 x 8.1 x 6 – 0.1 x 3.68 x
5) cm2 = (1.44 – 4.86- 1.84) = (-) 5.26 cm2 ( Hence no curb angle is
basically required.)
 Ac (required, for self supporting cone roof, refer Cl. 6.4.5) = D2/ 40
sin G = 62/ 40 sin 11.3
= 36/ (40 x 0.196)
= 4.6 cm2 ,which is more than the provided.
Drawing Detail of CURB ANGLE
 Design Wind Speed for Wind Pressure
Calculation: (Refer IS 875 Part 3)

 Basic wind speed (Vb) = 47 m/sec (Refer Clause

5.3, Fig 1, Table 1 of 5.3.1, 5.3.2,
5.3.3)
 K1 =1 (General structure, for 50 years
of service, Table 1)
 K2 =1 (Category 2, Class A, Table 2)
 K3 =1 (Topography factor, for planar
terrain upwind slope shall be less than 3 deg)
 Design wind speed, VZ =(Vb) (k1) (k2) (k3)
 =47 m/sec
 Wind pressure, N/m2 = 0.6 Vz2 = 0.6 (47)2
=1325.4 N/m2
 Stability Check for Tank shell:

 Maximum Height, H1 (m) of un-stiffened shell =

(14700 t / p) ((t/D)3)0.5
 Where t = (6 mm – 1.6 mm CA) = 4.4 mm
 D= 6 m
 p1 = 50 mm WC , vacuum = 500 N/m2 (
excludes external wind pressure)
 p2 = Wind pressure, N/m2 = 1325.4 N/m2
 p = p1 + p2 = (500 + 1325.4) = 1825.4 N/m2
 H1 = (14700 x 4.4/ 1825.4). ((4.4/ 6)3)0.5 =
35.43 x 0.63 = 22.32 m
 Hence the tank shell of 7.5 m height without
stiffening ring will be safe and stable under
vacuum and external loads.
 Weight Calculation
Tank Shell
Dia of Ht of Tactual Uncorroded CA Corroded
Tank (m) course (mm) weight,ws weight,Wsc

6 1.5 6 1331 1.6 976

6 1.5 6 1331 1.6 976
6 1.5 6 1331 1.6 976
6 1.5 6 1331 1.6 976
6 1.5 8 1775 1.6 1420

Total 7100(Kg) 5324(KG)

approx approx
 Weight Calculation (Contd.)

 Bottom Plate
 Slope = 1:50 ;Diameter = 6.2
 Area = 30.18 M2 ;Thickness = 8 mm
 Weight = 1960 Kg (approx), Uncorroded
 Weight= 1568 kg (approx.), Corroded

 Roof plates & Structures

 Slope: 1:5, Dia:6.0 M; Area: 28.8 M2 ; Thickness : 5 mm
 Weight: 1130 Kg (approx)
 Structure & Rafter = 450 kg (approx)
 Total = 1580 kg
 Weight Calculation (Contd.)

 Curb Angle
 ISA 75 X 75 X 10 @ 11 KG/M X 19 m = 209 kg
 Stair way, Railings & platform:
 Structural & plate work @ 210 Kg/M Height = 1575 Kg
(approx)

 Nozzle & flanges : 870 Kg

(approx)
 Hand Rail on roof @ 22 Kg/M run :
420 Kg (approx)
 Stability of Tanks against wind load,
Operating Condition and Empty:
(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)
 Design wind speed (Vb) =47 m/sec
=169.2 Km/hr
 Corresponding Wind pressure, p2 = 1325.4 N/m2
= 135.2 Kgf/m2
 Wind force acting on the tank shell = p2.
D.H.(SF) = 135.2 X 6 X 7.5 X 0.7
= 4259 Kgf
 Where D= 6M, Height= 7.5M,
Shape factor (SF)= 0.7
 Corresponding Wind Moment at base
 Mw = 4259 X 7.5/2 = 15972 Kg.m
 Roof Development
NOTES
1. All the dimensions are in mm unless otherwise
specified.
2. The dimensions of the cut pieces of roof
plate can be adjusted to meet the site febrication
requirements.

B1

B2

ROOF DEVELOPMENT DETAILS OF JOINT NO 2.

0 13-06-07 SUBMISSION FOR APPROVAL SDJ MSJ

DETAILS OF JOINT NO 1. DETAILS OF JOINT NO 3. APPVD.

CHK'D.
N K Roy
MSJ
SCALE DRAWING NO:
CCPL/1084-T2-GGS I SOBHASAN-005
REV.
DRN. SACHIN N.T.S. SHEET: 0
DATE 13-06-07 1 OF 1
 Stability of Tanks against wind load,
Operating Condition and Empty (Contd.):
(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)
 Weight of the Corroded tank to resist the Moment
(empty condition):

 Shell: 5324 Kg (approx)

 Stairway & platform: 1575 Kg (approx)
 Nozzle: 870 Kg (approx)
 Roof plate: 1130 Kg (approx)
 Roof structure: 450 Kg (approx)
 Wind girder: - Kg (approx), Not Required
 Curb girder: 209 Kg (approx)
 Hand rail on roof: 420 Kg (approx)
 Bottom Plate: 1568 Kg (approx)
 Total: 11546 Kg (approx)
 Stability of Tanks against wind load,
Operating Condition and Empty (Contd.):
(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)

 Resisting Moment:
 MR = 11546 x D/2 = 9508 x 6/2
= 34638 Kg.m
 Refer API 650 CI 3.11.2 for stability check under
wind load;
 (2/3 MR) > Mw
 (2/3) MR = (2/3) (34638)
= 23092 Kg.m >Mw,15972 Kg.m
 Hence the Tank is stable against over turning by
wind.
 Seismic Analysis
( Ref. API 650-APPENDIX- E)
 Nominal Tank Diameter (D): 6 m (19.69 ft)
 Total shell height (Ht): 7.5 m (24.61ft)
 Max. Liquid Height (H): 7.5 m (24.61 ft)
 Shell Material: IS 2062 A
 Yield stress: (Fby) = 250 MPa = 2549.3 Kgf/cm2
= 36259.4 psi
 Height of shell bottom course (h1):1.5 m= 4.92 ft
 Design specific Gravity of liquid (G): 0.85
 Corrosion Allowance (Shell only) (CA): 1.6 mm = 0.063
in
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Overturning Moment due to
Seismic effect applied to the
bottom of shell is determined by

 M= Z.I {(C1 Ws Xs) + (C1 Wr Xt) + (C1

W1 X1) + (C2 W2 X2)}
 While Z =Seismic Zone Factor = 0.20 (IS
1893 Table 2 For Seismic zone – III)
 I =Importance Factor = 1.50
 C1 =Lateral Earthquake Coefficient = 0.60
(Refer API 650, E-3.3.1)
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Constants
 D = 19.69ft
 H = 24.61ft
 D/H = 0.8
 Factor K=0.58 , (Ref. API 650 FIG-E4)
 Natural Period of the first Sloshing mode in seconds;
 T = K(D)0.5
= 0.58 (19.69)0.5
= 2.57 sec < 4.5 sec.
 Site Coefficient S = 1.5 (For soft to medium Clay, API 650, Table E-3)
 Hence Lateral Force Coefficient
 C2 = 0.75 S/(T) (for T <4.5 sec)
= (0.75) (1.5) / (2.57)
= 0.4377
 Seismic Analysis (cont)
(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)
 WT = Total Weight of tank content
= 200 m3 Crude Oil = 200x1000x (0.85)= 170,000 kg
= 374786 lbs
 H = Max Design liquid level (height) = 24.61 ft
 Refer FIG E 2 – API 650;
 For D/H value of 0.8, Effective Masses are;
 W1/WT= 0.82; W1= 0.82 WT = (0.82) (374786) = 307325 lbs
 W2/WT= 0.22; W2= 0.22 WT = (0.22) (374786) = 82453 lbs
 Refer FIG E 3 – API 650;
 For D/H value of 0.8, Cancroids of seismic forces are;
 X1/H = 0.42; X1= (H) (0.42) = (24.61) (0.42) = 10.34 ft.
 X2/H = 0.75; X2= (H) (0.75) = (24.61) (0.75) = 18.46 ft.
 Ws = Total weight of Tank shell (un-corroded)
= 7100 kg= 15653 lbs
 Seismic Analysis (cont)
(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)
 Calculation of CG of shell
Shell H1 of Thickness Area (a) Distance of CG ay
Course course (cm) (cm) (cm2) (y) from bottom
(cm)

t1 150 0.8 120 75 9000

t2 150 0.6 90 225 20250
t3 150 0.6 90 375 33750
t4 150 0.6 90 525 47250
t5 150 0.6 90 675 60750
Total 480 171000
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)
 Calculation of CG of shell (Contd.)
 Distance of CG from Bottom;
 Xs = a1y1 + a2y2 + --- as ys / a1 + a2 ---as
= 171000/480 = 356.25 cm = 11.69 ft
 Ht = Actual height of Tank
= 24.61 ft
 Wr = Weight of Roof
= 1130 + 450 + 209 = 1789 kg = 3944 lbs
 Overturning Moment due to seismic effect, M
 M = Z1 [(C1 Ws Xs) + (C1 Wr Xt) + (C1 W1 X1) + (C2 W2 X2) ]
Z1 = 0.20 x 1.50 = 0.3
C1 Ws Xs = (0.6) (15653) (11.69) = 109790
C1 Wr Xt = (0.6) (3944) (24.61) = 58237
C1 W1 X1 = (0.6) (307325) (10.34) = 1906644
C2 W2 X2 = (0.4377) (82453) (18.46) = 666215
 Sum = 2740886
 Over-turning moment applied to the bottom of the shell
M = (0.3) (2740886) = 822266 lb.ft
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Resistance to overturning (Ref. API 650-E-4)
 wL = Max weight of tank content that may be used to resist the
shell overturning moment = 7.9 tb (Fby. G.H)0.5
Where tb = Corroded Thickness of bottom plate = 8 mm – 1.6
mm (CA)
= 6.4 mm = 0.252 in (Corroded)
 Fby = Min. yield strength of bottom plate under the shell
 = 36259.4 psi
 G = Specific Gravity of stored liquid = 0.85
 H = Design liquid level = 24.61 ft
 wL = (7.9) (0.252) ((36259.4 x 0.85 x 24.61)0.5)
= 1733.8 lb per ft of shell circumference
wL shall not exceed 1.25 GHD.
 1.25 GHD = (1.25) (0.85) (24.61) (19.69)
= 514.86 lb per ft shell circumference
 Hence adopt wL = 514.86 lb per ft of shell circumference.
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Resistance to overturning (Contd.) (Ref. API 650-E-4)
 Weight of the New tank to resist the Moment:

 Shell: 7100Kg (approx)

 Stairway & platform: 1575 Kg (approx)
 Nozzle: 870 Kg (approx)
 Roof plate: 1130 Kg (approx)
 Roof structure: 450 Kg (approx)
 Wind girder: - Kg (approx), Not required
 Curb girder: 209 Kg (approx)
 Hand rail on roof: 420 Kg (approx)
 Bottom Plate: 1960 Kg (approx)
 Total: 13714 Kg (approx)
 wt = 13714 Kg / Shell circumference = 30234 lbs / (π 19.69 ft)
 = 489 lb/ft of shell circumference
 (wt + wL) = 489 + 514.86 = 1003.86 lb per ft of shell circumference.
 M / D2 (wt + wL) = 822266/ (19.69)2 (1003.86) = 822266/ 389192.6 = 2.11
 Since M / D2 (Wt + WL) = 2.11 > 1.57, The tank has to be provided with
anchorage as per API 650 E-5.1 (d), E-6.
 Seismic Analysis (contd.)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Check for Safe Compressive Stress (Anchorage Tank)
(Ref. E 5.2, Anchored tanks)

 Value of maximum compressive longitudinal force at the bottom of the

shell;
 b = wt + (1.273 M/ D2)
= 46 0.4 + ((1.273) x (822266 ) / (19.6 9)2) = 46 0.4 + 2700
= 316 0.4 lb per foot of shell circumference
 Ma xi mum Longi tud inal Compressive stress in shell;
 b/12tb = 3160.4/ (12). (0.252) =
1045.1 lb/in2
 GHD2/t2 = (0.85) (24.61) (19.69)2 / (0.252)2 = 127709 < 106
 Max Allow Compression stress in shell, Fs = 106 (t/2.5 D) + 600 (GH)0.5
= 106 (0.252/ 2.5 x 19.69) + 600 ( 0.85 x 24.61)0.5
= 5119.3 +2744 = 7863.3 psi
 The tank is stable under compression as the maximum longitudinal compressive
stress is less than the allowable, Fs.
 Seismic Analysis (cont)
( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)
 Anchorage(Ref. API 650, E- 6.2.2)

 Diameter of tank = 6 m = 19.69 ft

 Anchor spacing shall be less than 6 feet.
Minimum size of anchor bolts shall be
M24.
 Min. number of anchor required = π x
19.69 / 6 = 10.30 Nos.
 Provide 12 Nos. anchor bolts 0f IS 2062
Gr C of M29 size.