Chap : 4

Structures
 Structures
• we analyze the internal forces
acting in several types of
structures: trusses, frames.
• we consider only statically
determinate structures.
Commonly Used Bridge Trusses
 PLANE TRUSSES
• A framework composed of members
joined at their ends to form a rigid
structure is called a truss. Bridges, roof
supports.
• Structural members commonly used are
I-beams, angles, bars, and special shapes
which are fastened together at their ends
by welding, riveted connections, or large
bolts or pins
Commonly Used Roof Trusses
 Truss Connections and Supports
• When welded or riveted
connections are used to
join structural members,
we may usually assume
that the connection is a
pin joint if the centerlines
of the members are
concurrent at the joint.
 The member may be in tension or
compression
• The aim In this
Chapter is to
determine The
internal forces of
the connected
members.
methods for the force analysis
of simple trusses

• METHOD OF JOINTS

• METHOD OF SECTIONS
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
 METHOD OF JOINTS
• We begin the analysis with any joint where at
least one known load exists and where not
more than two unknown forces are present
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
METHOD OF JOINTS
 Sample problem
• Compute the force in each member of the loaded
cantilever truss by the method of joints.
Sample problem
Sample problem
• Determine the force in each member of the
loaded truss.
• Determine the force in each member of the
loaded truss.
Method of Sections
Problem 4-31
 Problem
Calculate the forces induced in members KL,
CL, and CB by the 200-kN load on the
cantilever truss.
 Problem
Calculate the force in member DJ of the Howe roof truss illustrated. Neglect
any horizontal components of force at the supports.
 Frame and Machines
• A multiforce member is defined as one with
three or more forces acting on it, or one with
two or more forces and one or more couples
acting on it
• A structure is called a frame or machine if at
least one of its individual members is a
multiforce member.
 Frame
Frames are structures which
are designed to support
applied loads and are usually
fixed in position
 Machines
Machines are structures which
contain moving parts and are
designed to transmit input
forces or couples to output
forces or couples
Force Representation and Free-Body
Diagrams
 Sample Problem
The frame supports the 400-kg load in the manner
shown. Neglect the weights of the members
compared with the forces induced by the load and
compute the horizontal and vertical components of
all forces acting on each of the members.