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Quantity of Heat
A PowerPoint Presentation by
Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics
Southern Polytechnic State University
© 2007
Photo © Vol. 05
Photodisk/Getty
Hot coals
Units of Heat
One calorie (1 cal) is the quantity of heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 C0.
Example
Example
Example
1 Btu = 1055 J
Temperature and Quantity of Heat
The effect of heat on temp- 200C 220C
erature depends on the
quantity of matter heated.
37 s 52 s 60 s 83 s 90 s
Q = mwcw t
IfThe
youunits
use 1
4186
cal/g
for m,0 C
J/kg
Q, C for
and c,tc,
0 for
then
must
Q be
must
consistent
be in calories,
joules,
with and
mthose
andmust
m must
based
be inbekilograms.
oninthe
grams.
value of
the constant c.
Conservation of Energy
Whenever there is a transfer of heat within a
system, the heat lost by the warmer bodies must
equal the heat gained by the cooler bodies:
Q = mLf Q = mLv
1 cal/gC0 steam
steam only
80 cal/g and
00C water water
ice
ciceand
= 0.5 cal/gC0
-200C ice water
only
Q
Example 3 (Cont.): Step one is Q1 to convert
10 g of ice at -200C to ice at 00C (no water yet).
t
1000C Q1 = (10 g)(0.5 cal/gC0)[0 - (-200C)]
Q1 = (10 g)(0.5 cal/gC0)(20 C0)
Q1 = 100 cal
00C
cice= 0.5 cal/gC0
-200C ice Q
Example 3 (Cont.): Step two is Q2 to convert
10 g of ice at 00C to water at 00C.
Q2 = 800 cal
Lost: Lost:
Total (4 g)(540
(4 g)(540
cal/g)cal/g)
+ (4 g)(1
+ (4cal/gC 0)(1000)(40
g)(1 cal/gC C0 - C
600)0C )
Example 4 (Continued)
Total Gained: mi(80 cal/g) + mi(1 cal/gC0)(60 C0)
2320 g te = 600C
mi mi = 16.6 g
140
Example 5: Fifty grams of ice ice water
are mixed with 200 g of water
initially at 700C. Find the 00C 700C
equilibrium temperature of the 50 g 200 g
mixture.
Ice melts and rises to te te = ?
Water drops from 70 to te.
10,000 cal
te 0
40 C
0
00C 700C
250 cal/C 50 g 200 g
te = 400C te = ?
Summary of Heat Units
One calorie (1 cal) is the quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 g of
water by 1 C0.
One kilocalorie (1 kcal) is the quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water by 1 C0.
Q
c ; Q mct
mt
Summary: Conservation of Energy
Q
Lf ; Q mL f
m
Q
Lv ; Q mLv
m
CONCLUSION: Chapter 17
Quantity of Heat