Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Process Selection
and Facility Layout
6-2 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Introduction
• Process selection
• Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized
• Major implications
• Capacity planning
• Layout of facilities
• Equipment
• Design of work systems
6-3 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Facilities and
Forecasting Capacity Equipment
Planning
Process
Technological Selection Work
Change Design
6-4 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Strategy
Process Selection
Process Selection
• Variety
• How much Batch
• Flexibility
• What degree
• Volume Job Shop Repetitive
• Expected output
Continuous
6-7 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Types
• Job shop
• Small scale
• Batch
• Moderate volume
• Repetitive/assembly line
• High volumes of standardized goods or services
• Continuous
• Very high volumes of non-discrete goods
6-8 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Types of Processing
Disadvantages Slow, high cost Moderate cost Low flexibility, Very rigid lack of
per unit, per unit, high cost of variety , costly
complex moderate downtime to change , very
planning and scheduling high cost of
scheduling complexity down time
6-9 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Type
Job Shop Appliance repair
Emergency
room
Batch Commercial
bakery
Classroom
Lecture
Repetitive Automotive
assembly
Automatic
carwash
Continuous Oil refinery
Water purification
(flow)
6-10 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Equipment used General Purpose General Purpose Special Purpose Special Purpose Varied
Automation
• Automation: Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enables
it to operate
• Fixed automation
• Programmable automation
6-12 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Facilities Layout
Inefficient operations
For Example: Changes in the design
High Cost of products or services
Bottlenecks
Accidents
The introduction of new
products or services
Safety hazards
6-15 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Changes in
environmental Changes in volume of
or other legal output or mix of
requirements products
Morale problems
Changes in methods
and equipment
6-16 Process Selection and Facility Layout
• Product layouts
• Process layouts
• Fixed-Position layout
• Combination layouts
6-17 Process Selection and Facility Layout
• Product layout
• Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid,
high-volume flow
• Process layout
• Layout that can handle varied processing requirements
• Fixed Position layout
• Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers,
materials, and equipment are moved as needed
6-18 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Product Layout
Raw
Station Station Station Station Finished
materials 1 2 3 4 item
or customer
Material Material Material Material
and/or and/or and/or and/or
labor labor labor labor
Process Layout
Process Layout
(functional)
Product Layout
Product Layout
(sequential)
Cellular Layouts
• Cellular Production
• Layout in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that
have similar processing requirements
• Group Technology
• The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing
characteristics
6-26 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Cycle Time
OT
Output capacity =
CT
OT
CT = cycle tim e =
D
6-30 Process Selection and Facility Layout
(D)( t)
N =
OT
Precedence Diagram
c d e
0.7 min. 0.5 min. 0.2 min.
6-32 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Information Requirements:
1. List of departments
2. Projection of work flows
3. Distance between locations
4. Amount of money to be invested
5. List of special considerations
6. Location of key utilities