HELLO

OF GROUP ONE :
1. PUTU CANDRA PRADNYASARI
2. PUTU RIKA UMI KRISMONITA
3. KOMANG SUTHA JAYA
4. KADEK MEISA RUSPITA DEWI
5. DEWA AYU PUTRIWEDA DEWANTI
6. LUH GEDE INTEN YULIANA DEWI
7. LUH EKA DESRIANA PUTRI
8. INDAH CANTIKA WAHADI
9. NI PUTU AYU SUCITA DEWI
10. NI PUTU INDAH PRASTIKA DEWI
INSTRUCTING , EXPLAINING,
I
AND REASURSING
Instruction
• Giving instruction is an expression that is used in order that
order that other person does what we instruct or request, or
giving imperative to other people for to do or not to do
something, Giving instruction sometimes called
comperative/prohibition.

• The tense used in giving instruction is “SIMPLE PRESENT”

1. Use verb as commanding word in the form of infinitive without to :
The command sentence with the above pattern only uses the first form verb (infinitive) without
the addition of -es, -s, ed, or - ing.
Example :
 Sit down
 Sweep the floor
 Clean the whiteboard
 Bring me the bags!
 Give me your money!
 Let her explain the innovation!
 Open the door!
 Show me your spirit!
2. Use Be + Adjective or noun or adverb :

Command line with the above pattern, we do not use verbs, but instead replace the verb with
adjectives, adverbs, or nouns prefixed by 'BE'.

Example :

 Be careful!

 Be quite!

 Be on time1

 Be brave man!

 Be calm!
3. Use the word Don’t + infinitive verb :
In order for the person we are talking to do not do a certain thing, then we can add the word 'do not'
or 'let's not' at the beginning of the sentence,

like the example of the following sentence:

Example :
 Don’t climb!
 Don’t do it!
 Don’t let them in…
 Don’t be lazy.
 Don’t be sad, everything will be okay.
 Don’t step on it, it’s still wet.
 Let us not be worried.
4. To make the instruction be politer, we can used please that put in front of sentences or back.

To appeal to others using imperative sentence, we can add the word 'would you' or 'please'. The
two words mentioned above give a signal that we are pleading with others.

Sample sentence:
 Please come, I need your opinion.
 Please don’t leave me alone.
 Take me a glass of milk, please.
 Would you pass me the book, please?
 Please, wake up.
 Please, be quite.
 Please, do your homework.
Explaining
1. The meaning of explanation

Before starting to discuss about generic structure and explanation text features and for
example, I will start with the definition of explanation text in English and Indonesian.
“Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena”.

Explanation is a text that contains the processes associated with natural phenomena, social,
scientific, cultural and other.
2. The Purpose of Explanation

To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-

cultural phenomena. The communicative purpose of explanation text is to explain the

processes that occur in the formation of something related to natural, social, scientific,

cultural, and other phenomena aimed at explaining how or why it can happen.
3. Generic Structure Explanation Text

a. General statement

About the general explanation of the phenomena to be discussed, may be the introduction of such
phenomena or explanations.

b. Squenced of explanation

Contains an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or be created. A squenced
of explanation is an answer to the author's 'why' and 'how' questions when creating an Explanation
text. In the squenced of explanation can consist of more than one paragraph.

c. Closing

Actually the closing is not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text, but most people
assume that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is closing, when it is part of a squenced of
explantaion that contains the final step described in the squenced of explanation section.
4. Characteristics of Explanation Text

a. An Explanation text usually derives from the author's questions related to 'why' and 'how' to an
existing phenomenon.

b. Because the appointed phenomenon is the focus of the material not on the object or the person, but
on events or events that occur in people or objects.

c. Using the Simple Present tense.

5. Example Explanation Text

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several
regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra.

It has brought great damages.

Explanation

a. First paragraph is about the General Statement. Viewing from the text of course GSnya
is an Earthquake happening.

b. Second paragraph: Squenced of explanation is an explanation of how Earthquake can

occur. An earthquake can occur essentially because of "underground rock suddenly
breaks along a fault". Another explanation is about the chronology of how underground
rock breaks along a fault.

c. Third paragraph: a closing that explains that a shift in the earth's plate continues to
occur and explains that the point beneath the earth where the rock breaks is called the
Focus of the eartquake and the place above that point is called the epicenter of
earthquake.
6. Features of Explanation Text

• Explanation Text has some features that distinguish this type of text from other types of text in
English. The features of the Explanation Text are as follows:

a. Written in Present Tense (Written using Present Tense)

Explanation Text describes the process of the occurrence of an event or phenomenon that
usually the incident will occur over and over - again, such as the formation of rain, the
formation of snow, how the bees make honey, and so forth. Therefore, writing Explanation
Text must be written using Simple Present Tense.

b. Text arranged into some numbered points and written in a sequence.

Explanation Text contains the process - the process of the formation of an event or
phenomenon written in sequence in some points on the Sequenced of Explanation.
Advanced….

a Time connectives

Since Explanation Text describes the process of occurrence of a phenomenon or event or event,
usually this type of text is marked by the existence of a time conjunctive word that can be either
first, second, third, firstly, secondly, then, later, next, finally, or at last.

b Technical vocabulary

Explanation Text usually contains a special vocabulary or vocabulary on the subject matter covered
in this text. For example, if this text is about how a car is made, then some examples of related
vocabulary are engine, ignition, or bonnet.
Reassurance

 Reassurance is a skill or technique used by a counselor to provide support or

reinforcement of a client's positive statement to make him more confident and

confident.Reassurance is a listening response, or a response expressed by a counselor

when a client speaks or tells a story.

 Through this skill, the counselor supports what is said by the client or with another

language the counselor provides reinforcement (reinforcement) on the client self.

Reassurance is divided into 3 namely :

1. Prediction reassurance (strengthening prediction)

Reinforcement by the counselor, when the client declares that he or she will do a positive action
plan, the counselor can support the client's statement or provide a belief that he or she can perform
the action.

Example: "Good, I'm sure you're successful.", "You can do it", "That's a great plan, you can do it.“

2. Postdiction reassurance (postdiction reinforcement)

Reinforcement of the counselor to the positive behavior that the client has performed and the results
appear.

Example: "See, you can prove it, Try it again. You can do it."

This skill provides reinforcement to the current client, who was initially hesitant about his lack of
confidence to repeat doing something, which in the past he had succeeded in doing so.
Thank you
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