World

Medieval Legacies &
The Renaissance
THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD

20th Century Europe
14th Century Europe
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid
class system. A class system is…
14th Century Europe

○ Hierarchy of people in society determined by economic,
political, & cultural traits.
• What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society?
• What does it mean by “economic”?
14th Century Europe

• What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade, business,
markets, supply/demand.
• What does it mean by “political”?
14th Century Europe

• What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies, laws,
rights, elections.
• What does it mean by “cultural”?
14th Century Europe

• What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies, laws,
rights, elections.
• What does it mean by “cultural”? Social values, beliefs, norms,
traditions, practices.
14th Century Europe
● The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from

top to bottom were…
14th Century Europe
● The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from

top to bottom were…
○ Nobles,
○ Clergy,
○ Merchants,
○ Peasants.
Nobles
● Political Features:
○ Ran GOV/military.
○ Titles were hereditary.
• Passed down from
generations.
○ Had most political power.
Nobles
● Economic Features:
○ Ran large farming estates.
○ Had little economic power.
● Cultural Features:
○ Upper Class (elites) w/ little
education.
Clergy
○ Ran Catholic Church.
○ Used in GOV as advisors.
○ Had most spiritual power.
Clergy
○ Ran large farming estates.
○ Had little economic power.
○ Fluid group (in all levels of
society) & highly educated.
Merchants
○ Used in GOV as advisors.
○ Held little political power.
○ Controlled trade, banking,
markets.
○ Had most economic power.
Merchants
○ Middle Class (not poor, but
no titles).
○ Highly educated & cultured.
Peasants
○ Had no power & no rights.
○ Controlled by nobility &
clergy.
Peasants
○ Worked on farming estates
for little or no pay.
○ Had most economic power.
○ Lower Class w/ no
education.
○ Tied to the land & often
rioted/revolted.
Religion
1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion.

What is religion?
Religion

What is religion?
○ Religion, like politics or economics, is an ideology.
• Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.
○ What were the four main religions in 14th Century
Europe?
Religion

What is religion?
○ Religion, like politics or economics, is an ideology.
• Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.
○ What were the four main religions in 14th Century
Europe?
• Catholicism,
• Orthodoxy,
• Islam,
• Judaism.
Catholicism
● Characteristics:
○ Dominant in W. Europe.
○ Led by the Pope.
○ Any famous Catholics we

might know of?
Orthodoxy
○ Dominant in E. Europe.
○ Divided by ethnic groups.
○ Any famous Orthodox

Christians we might know
of?
Islam
○ Dominant in Middle East,
Asia, & Africa.
○ Sunni & Shiite groups.
○ Focus on Koran &

Mohammad, Five Pillars of
Islam.
○ Any famous Muslims we
might know of?
Judaism
○ Spread to Europe, Middle
East, & N. America.
○ Focus on Old Testament &
Talmud/Torah.
○ Persecuted by several
religious groups.
○ Any famous Jewish
Americans we might know
of?
Religions Breakdown
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
1. The Age of the

Renaissance has often
been described as…
1. The Renaissance has often

○ A time of rebirth in the study
of Greek & Roman culture,
art, architecture, literature, &
learning.
○ The Renaissance…
1. The Renaissance has often

○ A time of rebirth in the study
of Greek & Roman culture,
art, architecture, literature, &
learning.
○ The Renaissance…
• Began in Italy in after the Black
Death.
• Ended Medieval Era & began
Modern Era.
• Focused more on humanity than
religion.
2. The Black Death…

○ What was it?
○ What were its symptoms?
○ How did it spread?
○ What places did it afflict?
2. The Black Death…

○ What was it?
○ What were its symptoms?
○ How did it spread?
○ What places did it afflict?
○ It is important for the
beginning of the Renaissance
as the Bubonic Plague
devastated most of Europe
for decades except for Italy.
• This left Italy as the only place
that could support the • Where did the disease spread from/to?
Renaissance, but did not start it. • Which areas were most/least affected?
• Explain the varying degrees of infection?
3. The four (4) main causes

of the Renaissance were…
● Italy was divided into city-

states.
○ A city-state is an independent
city controlling its surrounding
land.
• Italy was a divided country w/o a
king or a central GOV.
● Italy was divided into city-

states.
○ A city-state is an independent
city controlling its surrounding
land.
• Italy was a divided country w/o a
king or a central GOV.
○ This allowed for a variety of
artistic thought & expression.
• Each city-state created pieces of art in
their own way.
○ The downside was the lack of a
common defense vs. outsiders.
• If a foreign power played city-states
off one another, Italy would fall.
● City-states were run by

merchants & bankers.
○ Merchants focused on trade,
luxurious living, & art.
• European kings focused on war,
territory, & politics.
● City-states were run by

merchants & bankers.
○ Merchants focused on trade,
luxurious living, & art.
• European kings focused on war,
territory, & politics.
○ Merchants had extra income for
art & artists.
• Money attracted scholars & artists to
Italy; the rest of Europe only had
farmland.
○ The downside was if they ran
out of money, then the
Renaissance would end.
● Merchants were rich from the

Spice Trade w/ Asia.
○ The Spice Trade was the trade of
luxury goods between Europe &
Asia.
• Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.
● Merchants were rich from the

Spice Trade w/ Asia.
○ The Spice Trade was the trade of
luxury goods between Europe &
Asia.
• Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.
○ Merchants traded across known
land/sea routes w/ Italy as a
warehouse for goods.
• Italy was rich as long as the Spice
Trade remained unblocked.
• Which routes are by land & which are
by sea?
• How could you block the Spice Trade?
● Italians discovered Greco-

Roman writings.
○ Greco-Roman culture was lost in
the West (500’s AD), but
survived in the East (Greece).
● Italians discovered Greco-

Roman writings.
○ In the 1300’s, the Ottoman
Empire invaded Greece forcing
Greek scholars to flee to Italy.
● Italians discovered Greco- • Any examples of

something old
Roman writings. becoming new & hip
again?
○ In the 1300’s, the Ottoman
Empire invaded Greece forcing
Greek scholars to flee to Italy.
○ This migration from Greece
allowed Italian scholars &
merchants to study Classical
works.
• Hence the rebirth of Classical culture.
• In essence, Greco-Roman culture was
so old that it became new again.
4. Italian merchants & intellectuals created three new

principles that defined the new movement and acted as
guidelines for philosophy, art, architecture, &
literature. These principles were…
● Humanism:
○ Study of & focus on human
potential, glory, &
understanding by modeling
Classical culture.
● Humanism:
○ Study of & focus on human
potential, glory, &
understanding by modeling
Classical culture.
○ It acted as a curriculum for
education for elite sons.
• Rhetoric, arithmetic, grammar,
geometry, & astronomy.
• W/ education a man could
develop his limitless potential.
• This was the key to being
respected & influential in this
society. W/o it, you were no one.
Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

focused on… focused on…
● Human nature to
understand God &
Nature.

● Human nature to ● Studying God to
understand God & understand humans &
Nature. Nature.
● Humanism & Ancient
texts for inspiration &
education.

Nature. Nature.
● Humanism & Ancient ● Christian virtues & the
texts for inspiration & Bible for inspiration &
education. education.
● Human potential &
dignity.

Nature.
Nature.
● Humanism & Ancient
texts for inspiration & ● Christian virtues & the
education. Bible for inspiration &
● Human potential & education.
dignity. ● Christian humility & giving
● Living a life modeled after
Classical values & desires. all glory to God.

Nature. Nature.
● Humanism & Ancient ● Christian virtues & the
texts for inspiration & Bible for inspiration &
education.
education.
● Human potential &
dignity. ● Christian humility & giving
● Living a life modeled after
all glory to God.
Classical values & desires. ● Life as painful pilgrimage
to God.
What comparisons do we see between
Medieval & Renaissance ideas?
● Individualism:
○ Study of & focus on humans
as individuals, developing all
aspects of a one’s life.
● Individualism:
○ Study of & focus on humans
as individuals, developing all
aspects of a one’s life.
○ It emphasized the idea of
personal success over the
community’s.
○ Once educated in a
Humanistic school, a man
sought to gain personal
greatness & develop as many
talents as he could.
Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machiavelli

Baldassare Castiglione
● Wrote The Courtier.

○ Guide to be a Civilized
Man.
○ Taught young men how to
act in all social situations.
• This idea became known as
a Renaissance Man.
• This means to be a master of
many skills.
• Dancing, wrestling, music,
war, arts, math, poetry,
hunting, civic duty, oration.
Baldassare Castiglione
● Wrote The Courtier. ● What skills does a person need to

be a “Renaissance Man/Woman”
○ Guide to be a Civilized
today? Why?
Man. ● What skills does a high school
○ Taught young men how to student need to be a
act in all social situations. “Renaissance Man/Woman” in
• This idea became known as GRC?
a Renaissance Man. ● Explain who might be a
• This means to be a master of Renaissance Man/Woman in
many skills. your life.
• Dancing, wrestling, music, ● What comparisons came we draw
war, arts, math, poetry, between necessary Renaissance
hunting, civic duty, oration. skills & modern skills?
Niccolo Machiavelli
● Wrote The Prince.

○ Guide to Politics & GOV.
take & maintain authority
in all situations.
• Basic ideas…
Niccolo Machiavelli
● Wrote The Prince.

○ Guide to Politics & GOV.
take & maintain authority
in all situations.
• Basic ideas: GOV does not
follow morality or religion,
GOV is good when effective,
be both a fox & a lion.
• What does all this mean?
Niccolo Machiavelli
● Wrote The Prince. ● Let’s answer a few

○ Guide to Politics & GOV. questions about leadership
& then Machiavelli.
take & maintain authority ● In preparation for the ACT,
in all situations. we will now read an excerpt
• Basic ideas: GOV does not from The Prince & answer
follow morality or religion, ten (10) questions about the
GOV is good when effective, passage. We will go other
be both a fox & a lion.
this in 10 minutes.
• What does all this mean?
● Secularism:
○ Study of & focus on the
material (secular) world more
than the spiritual world.
● Secularism:
○ Study of & focus on the
material (secular) world more
than the spiritual world.
○ It advocated living in the here
& now, as well as you can.
• When developing your skill-
set, the goal was to enjoy the
benefits of a successful life.
• Often times, believing in Take this time to fill out the ID Terms
secularism led to greed, from this Packet on 1A!
corruption, & selfishness.
• W/o strong Christian values,
men lost their morality.

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Medieval Legacies &

THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only

● The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from

● The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion.

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion.

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion.

○ Led by the Pope.

○ Any famous Catholics we

○ Divided by ethnic groups.

○ Any famous Orthodox

○ Focus on Koran &

1. The Age of the

1. The Renaissance has often

1. The Renaissance has often

2. The Black Death…

2. The Black Death…

3. The four (4) main causes

● Italy was divided into city-

● Italy was divided into city-

● City-states were run by

● City-states were run by

● Merchants were rich from the

● Merchants were rich from the

● Italians discovered Greco-

● Italians discovered Greco-

● Italians discovered Greco- • Any examples of

4. Italian merchants & intellectuals created three new

Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

Renaissance Humanism Medieval Christianity

Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machiavelli

● Wrote The Courtier.

● Wrote The Courtier. ● What skills does a person need to

● Wrote The Prince.

● Wrote The Prince.

● Wrote The Prince. ● Let’s answer a few

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