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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE

Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel Connection and


Delta to Wye, Wye to Delta Connection

Electric Circuits 1
Kinds of Independent Source
Independent source
Sources that supplies power to the circuit
Independent source is a voltage or current generator not dependent on other circuit variables.

Voltage Source
Supplies a continuous emf (electromotive force)

Current Source
-Supplies a continuous current
-The arrow indicates the direction of the current.
-The Current flows from higher potential to lower potential
Voltage Source Current Source
Series Connection
-One end of a resistor is connected to one end of another resistor.
-No other component is connected between the two resistor.
-Only one value of current is flowing through the resistors in series.
-The total emf in a series connection is the sum of the voltage drop in each
resistors in series.
𝐼𝑡 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3
𝐸 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3
𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
Voltage Divider Theorem
-Used to determine the voltage across a resistor in series.
𝐸𝑅1 𝐸𝑅2
𝑉1 = 𝑉2 =
𝑅1 +𝑅2 𝑅1 +𝑅2
Parallel Connection
-Both terminals of the resistors are connected
-The voltage of each resistors in parallel are equal.
-the total current is the sum of all currents flowing through each resistors in
parallel.
𝐸 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3
𝐼𝑡 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
1/𝑅𝑡 = 1/𝑅1 + 1/𝑅2 + 1/𝑅3
Current Divider Theorem
-Used to determine the current flowing through a resistor in parallel.

𝐼𝑡 𝑅2 𝐼𝑡 𝑅1
𝐼1 = 𝐼2 =
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑅1 +𝑅2
Series-Parallel Connection
-The total resistance is calculate by simplifying the circuit with one connection at
a time.
-Simplification should start with the furthest resistor from the source.
Example
1) Three resistors are in series across a 120 V source. The value of the
resistance are 5Ω, 10 Ω, and 15 Ω. Determine the total current.
2) Four resistor are connected in parallel: their values are 30 Ω, 12 Ω, 3 Ω, and
5 Ω. If the connection is placed across a 125 V source, determine the total
current.
3) Across a 125 v source, a series connection of three resistors is placed. The
values of the resistors are 7 Ω, 8 Ω, 10 Ω. Find the voltage across each
resistors using voltage divider theorem.
Example
4) A 120 V source is connected across two resistors in parallel. Determine the
current flowing through each resistors if their values are 6Ω, and 4Ω using
current divider theorem.
5) Three resistors connected in series, the impressed voltage is 240 V and the
resulting current is 4A. If the values of the resistors are 𝑅1 =15Ω, 𝑅2 =
1.5𝑅3 , what is the resistance 𝑅3 in ohms?
Example
6) For the series-parallel arrangement shown, find
a) The supply current
b) The current flowing through each resistor
c) The potential difference across each resistor
d) The power dissipated in each resistor
Example
7) Determine the total current of the circuit below
Example
8) Determine the current flowing through each resistor in the circuit shown.
DELTA-WYE AND WYE-DELTA TRANSFORMATION
• Delta-Wye and wye-Delta Transformation is a special connection between
three resistors.
1) Delta Connection (𝜋)
- Three resistors are connected to each other.
2) Wye Connection (T)
-Three resistors are connected to each other with a common node.
DELTA-WYE AND WYE-DELTA TRANSFORMATION
DELTA-WYE WYE-DELTA
Example
1) Transform the wye network to a delta network.
Example
2)

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