ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE

Ohm’s Law, Power and Energy

Electric Circuits 1
Ohm’s Law
The ratio of potential difference (V) between any two points on a conductor to the current (I) flowing
between them is constant, provided the temperature of the conductor does not change.
𝑉 𝑉
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; = 𝑅
𝐼 𝐼
The current flowing through the electric circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference across
the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit provided the temperature remains
constant.
𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
Limitation of Ohm’s Law
It is not applicable to the nonlinear devices such as diodes, zener diodes, voltage regulators, etc.
Electrical Power and Electrical Energy
Electrical Power
The work done when one coulomb of electricity is moved through a potential
difference of one volt in one second.
The rate at which work is done.
𝑉2
𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅 , 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼, 𝑃 = in (W) watts
𝑅
Electrical Energy
Total amount of electric work done in an electric circuit
𝑊 = 𝑃𝑡, 𝑊 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝑡 , 𝑊 = 𝑉𝐼𝑡 in (J) Joules
Electrical Power and Electrical Energy
1) The current flowing through a resistor is 0.8 A when a potential difference of
20 V is applied. Determine the value of the resistance.
2) A potential difference of 250 V is applied to a field winding at 15˚C and the
current is 5A. When the temperature of the winding increases to 86 ˚C , the
applied voltage remains constant. What will be the current of the winding at
1
86 ˚C . Assume at 15 ˚C , 𝛼 = . Also find the power consumed by the
254.5
resistor at 15 ˚C and 86 ˚C .
3) Find the voltage across a resistor if the current flowing through it is 5A. And
also determine the power and energy consumed by the resistor if the
current is allowed to pass through the resistor for 20 min.
Electrical Power and Electrical Energy
4) An electric motor drives a mechanical load, taking 18.8 A from a 230 V
source. Calculate the power drawn by the motor.
5) A water heater has a resistance of 5.3Ω and takes 43.5 A when in operation.
If it is in service on the average 2 hrs per day, how many kilowatthours of
energy will be expended during a 30 day?
6) Calculate the power taken by a 500 ft resistive coil made of copper wire at
110 volts. Resistivity of copper is 10.37 Ω-CM/ft with a cross-sectional area of
107.43 CM.