Fundamental of Telecom

Power Supply System

Nayana Lekamwasam
Engineer- Power
nayana@huawei.com
 Content

  Primary functions of telecom power

supply system
 Principle of telecom power supply
system

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 Basic Principle

– Communication never interrupt !

 Power, never interrupt!

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Network Power Total Solution
AC input Power load

AC Main Power
Supply
DC
Switch
TVSS
ATS
battery

Air conditioner

UPS PPC
Diesel Generator
AC

Battery

LAN LAN
PSMS (Power and Environment Monitoring System

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 Why AC and DC
 DC power
- BTS, BSC, RNC, HLR, MSC

 AC POWER
- M2000, IN SERVERS

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 Primary functions of power system

1. AC DC rectifying

2. Manage the battery-

Provide suitable voltage, current
charging battery in time

3 . Alarm extension

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 Telecom Power System
Power
supply Switch

Bus
220/380V
AC 48VDC

Transmission

Bar

 1. AC DC rectifying

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Telecom Power System
Power
supply Switch

Bus
220/380V
AC 48VDC

Transmission

Bar
Battery

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Telecom Power System
Power
supply Switch

Bus
220/380V
AC 48VDC

Transmission

Bar
Battery

 2. Manage the battery

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 Manage the battery(1)
 Charge Voltage
– FC (Floating charge) 53.5V
• Complement the charge loss for self-discharge in
the battery
– EC (Equalizing charge) 56.4V
• Quickly charge
• Make the performance of each battery accordant

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 Equalizing Charge
Power
supply Switch

Bus
220/380VAC

Transmission

Bar
Battery

Not full 56.4VDC

 1. Charge the battery quickly

 2. Make the performance of each battery accordant ( equalized )

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 Floating Charge
Power
supply Switch

Bus
220/380VAC

Transmission

Bar
Battery
53.5VDC
full

 Complement the charge loss for self-discharge

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 Manage the battery(2)

 Charge Current

– <= 0.1~0.15 C10

• As the user, we hope the battery can be charged fully as
quickly as possible.
• Not too small, otherwise the battery hasn’t been
charged enough before next power cut.
• Not too large, otherwise the battery will be damaged.

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 Example

 C10
– Capacity (discharging all in 10 hours)
 Example
– C10=1000AH
– Charge current limit =100A ~150A

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 Telecom power supply system
Auxiliary AC Output RS485/422
48V DC
Rectifier 1

DC Distribution
AC Distribution
Rectifier 2
AC Input 整流模块

Rectifier n
RS485/422 Current
Sampling

Monitor
RS232/485/422 Battery 1

Transmission resource
Battery 2

Remote monitoring center

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 Telecom power supply system(2)

DC Distribution

Rectifier
Monitor

AC Distribution

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 Function of each Unit

 Rectifier——core part，AC/DC
 AC Distribution——distribute AC
 DC Distribution——distribute DC
 Monitor——monitoring, control（battery
management）

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 PS Series
Capacity Small Medium Large
Capacity (A) <300 300-600 600-6000

Rectifier (A) 20, 25 50 100

System PS48100/25 PS48400/50 PS481000-2/100
PS48300-3/25 PS48600/50 PS481000-5/100
Applying Small station Mobil station Large switch
situation bureau

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 Lightning & surge protection
Power
supply
5~10m system

A
B SPD
C
N
SPD earth
PE
-
System earth bar
48VDC
DC earth
Class-B SPD
+
SPD earth

DC earth cable
Protective earth
Protective earth cable

User earth bar

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 Lightning Arrester
Varistors + Gap
Varistor: voltage sensitive resistor
 C Level
– Green window, good;
– Red window, bad.
 D Level
– Indicators on, good;
– Indicators off, bad.

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 Lightning proof breaker
 C Level ---- circuit breaker
 D Level ---- fuse

– Protect the wire from firing when varistors are

broken (short) for lighting strike.

– Do keep the circuit breaker on

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 SPD system

load

Inductance

depressing
8/20μs
15KA 1 time

center

8/20μs
Add 8/20μs
40KA 1 time
60KA

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 Lightning Protection System
Protection Load
L(coil)

Inductance

depressing

Monitoring
Center
8/20μs
15KA 1 time
8/20μs
Add 8/20μs
40KA 1 time
60KA
-Two step surge protection at incoming AC mains
- Surge protection for AC input, DC output and system monitor
-AC--Survives simulated lightning strike current 8/20µs, amplitude 20kA for 5 times,
amplitude 40kA for 1 time, strike interval more than 1min.
-Survives simulated lightning strike voltage 10/700µs, amplitude 5kV, 5 times for
positive and negative polarity respectively, strike interval more than 1min.
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 LVD system
transmission
power

BLVD

LLVD

BTS

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 LLVD
Transmission
equipment Power supply

44.0V
BLVD Contactor

LLVD Contactor
BTS or
small switch

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 BLVD

43.2V

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 Check/record DC cable connection PS48300-System

0V BATTERY I (BLACK CABLE)

0V BATTERY II (BLACK CABLE)

-48V BATTERY I (BLUE CABLE)

-48V LOAD BLVD
-48V BATTERY II (BLUE CABLE)
-48V LOAD LLVD
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 Key Parameter setting
 EQU VOLT: 56.4V;
 FLO VOLT: 53.5V;
 OVER CHRG( Charge over-current threshold): 0.3C10;
 CHRG CUR LIM(Battery charge current limit): 0.1C10;

 LOAD LVD : 44V;

 BATT LVD : 43.2V;

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 Key Parameter setting
 Conditions to Equalize Charge-----empty?
– TO EQU CAP RATIO: 80%;
– TO EQU CUR: 0.06C10;
 Conditions to Float-----full?
– STABLE TIME: 180 MIN & STABLE CUR: 0.01C10
– EQU TIMEOUT: 18 hours;
 Battery Test----- discharge!
– TEST END VOLT: 47V
– TEST END TIME: XXX MIN

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PS481000-5/100 System
PS48300-1800 system
 content
 Nomenclature & system principle
 AC distribution
 DC distribution
 Monitor
 Rectifier

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 Nomenclature

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 PS48300-1800 Composition

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 AC distribution

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 DC distribution

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 Control module M500D

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 Control module M500D

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 Rectifier module R48-1800A

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 Rectifier module R48-1800A

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 HD4825-3 HD4830-3 character (5)

 Hot plug

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 DC contactor and shunt

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 Emergency Handling
 Principle: ensure the DC power for telecom equipment
 Emergency Cases  Handling
1. AC Distribution Failure
2. DC Distribution Failure
• Load short circuit
• Distribution short
3. Monitor failure
4. Rectifier failure
• Inside short
• Many rectifiers fail
• Output over-voltage
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1. Connect AC directly to rectifiers
2. Get rid of short
• Cut off the fuse/breaker for the load
• Cut off AC, then separate the battery from
the system, and then power loads with
battery or rectifiers directly
3. Turn off monitor, manage battery manually
4. Turn off the failed rectifiers
• Automatically turn off
• Turn off, ensure enough normal rectifiers
• Turn off all, then turn on one by one except
the failed one.
Case 2－Failure of SPD
Phenomena：
The monitor activates the alarm “ SPD fault”.
Analysis：
1.C-level SPD fails;
2.SPD MCB(circuit breaker) trips;
3.Detection cable for SPD is not connected well or has
breakpoints;
4.AC distribution CPU board B14C3U1 fails.

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 Case 3－Battery parameter can not be set up
Phenomena：setting battery capacity parameter
through the monitor is unsuccessful.
Analysis：
Communication break
Treatment：

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Case 4-Voltage doesn’t conform with float voltage
Phenomena：The float voltage of PS481000-2/100 power
system is set to 53.5 V, but the actual output value is about
55.5V.
Analysis：
1.System is in equalize charge state
2.Rectifier is out of control
3.Temperature compensation
Treatment：

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 Case 5－LCD of AC cabinet can not be
paged down/up
Phenomena：LCD of AC (DC or AC/DC combined)
distribution cabinet always stays in one page. Pressing the
keyboard can not make it page down/up.
Analysis：
1.Failure of keyboard;
2.Breaking of the communication between LCD and
distribution CPU board B14C3U1;
3.Failure of LCD hardware.
Treatment：

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 Case 6－Monitor does not respond to
keyboard operation
Phenomena：After a period of system running, the monitor
does not respond to keyboard operation.
Analysis：
1.Monitor failure or breakdown.
2.Keyboard malfunction.
Treatment：

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 Case 7－Load sharing imbalance between
rectifiers
Phenomena：In the power system configured with 4
rectifiers, the respective output current of rectifier 1, 2, 4 is
about 30A, while that of rectifier 3 is zero, and the system
gives no alarm.
Analysis：
1.Failure of load sharing circuit of rectifier 3
2.Considerably low output voltage of rectifier 3
3.Rectifier 3 output fuse blowout
4.Rectifier 3 output socket failure
5.No output due to other failures inside rectifier 3

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 Lead-Acid Battery—two general type

◆ Flooded Battery ◆ VRLA Battery

（or “wet type” or “open vented type”） （Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Battery）

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 Structure of VRLA Battery
¢
Þ
¢
Ù ① container & cover
¢
Ú ¢
Û
¢
Û
② terminal
¢
Ü
¢
Ü
③ strap/group bar
¢
Ý

¢
Ù ④Positive & negative plates

⑤AGM

⑥ safety valve

AGM: Microporous fibre glass acts as both separator and

electrolyte absorber.

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 Battery

discharge

PbO2＋2H2SO4＋Pb PbSO4＋2H2O＋PbSO4
charge

(lead dioxide) (sulfuric acid) (spongy lead) (sulfate) (water) (sulfate)

active material electrolyte active material active material electrolyte active material
positive plate negative plate positive plate negative plate
◆ sulfuric acid in the electrolyte acts both the ion transmission medium and the reactant
◆ positive plate material PbO2 and negative plate material Pb are both turned to PbSO4

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 UPS
Maintenance bypass

Hot standby Bypass breaker Bypass

shorting
conductor
Rectifier Electronic Load
AC mains Inverter transfer
Mains breaker switch

Charger

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 Back-Up UPS Principle
When AC power normal, load power comes directly
from the AC mains, when AC power fails, a battery
powered inverter almost immediately turns on to
continue to supply power.

load

AC mains
charger inverter

battery

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 End

Thank You！

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