Introduction to the new mainframe

Chapter 11 Understanding transaction managers on

z/OS

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Chapter 11 objectives
Be able to:
Explain the role of CICS in online transaction
processing
Describe CICS programs, CICS transactions, and
CICS tasks
Explain what conversational and pseudo-
conversational programming is
Explain CICS and Web-enabling
Discuss the IMS components

© Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Key terms in this chapter

BMP task/thread
BMS region
conversational PSB
DBMS IMS TM
CICS TS transaction
CICS command unit of work
IRLM task/thread
bind SPUFI
transaction SQLJ
CICS command SYSADM
view EXPLAIN
modified source

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Introduction to the new mainframe

What is CICS?
Customer Information Control System
Transactional subsystem of z/OS which:
• run online applications
• the same time, many users, same application(s)
• manages the sharing of resources
• integrity of data
• prioritization of execution, with fast response.

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS in a z/OS system

z/OS
Transactional
system

Application
DATA Program

User

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Languages & Platforms

Languages:
COBOL Platforms:
OO COBOL zSeries (z/OS, OS/390,
C VSE)
C++ Intel servers
JAVA
TXSeries (AIX, HP-UX,
PL/I Solaris and
Assembler Windows)

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS Programming roadmap

Design application
Write & test program (includes compiling)
Define program & transaction in CICS resources
Define other resources (files, queues, etc…) in CICS
resources
Make resources known to CICS

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Conversational Pseudo-Conversational
Conversational: PROGV000

User Menu
Types Enter account ______
Inputs
Function code______
SEND MAP
W AIT

Menu RECEIVE MAP

READ FILE UPDATE
Enter account 1234_
Function code M____

Record Update SEND MAP

User
Enter account 1234 W AIT
Types Name: Smith
Changes Amount: $10.00 RECEIVE MAP
Date: 05/28/04 REW RITE FILE

Menu SEND MAP

RETURN
Enter account ______
Function code______
"Update confirmed"

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Conversational Pseudo-Conversational
Pseudo-Conversational:
PROGV000

User Menu SEND MAP...

Types Enter account ______ RETURN TRANSID(V001)....
Inputs
Function code______

PROGV001
Menu RECEIVE MAP...
Enter account 1234_ ....
Function code M____ READ FILE...
....
SEND MAP...
...
Record Update RETURN TRANSID
User (V002)....
Types Enter account 1234
Name: Smith
Changes Amount: $10.00
Date: 05/28/04 PROGV002

RECEIVE MAP...
....
Menu
READ FILE UPDATE....
Enter account 1234 REW RITE FILE....
Name: Smith ....
Amount: $99.50 SEND MAP...
Date: 05/28/04 ...
"Update Confirmed" RETURN TRANSID (V000)...

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS Programming commands

General format:
EXECUTE CICS (or EXEC CICS) + command

e.g. in COBOL:
EXEC CICS function option option ... END-EXEC.

CICS command example :

EXEC CICS
READ FILE(‘ACCTFIL’)
RIDFLD(ACCTC)
UPDATE ...
END-EXEC.

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS transaction flow

Operating System

Program
ABCD Terminal Library
System 3
Control Services
Storage
2
Mgmt.

1
File or DB

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS transaction flow (Cont…)

Operating System

Program
(menu Library
screen)

File
Control
BMS Program
ABCD01 File or DB
5
4

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS transaction flow (Cont…)

Operating System

User's Program
Next Library
Input
6 File
Control
Program
8 ABCD01 7 File or DB
BMS

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS services for Application Programs

Application program interface: use CICS commands
Terminal control services: use Basic Mapping
Support (BMS)
File & database control services:
•CICS file control (mainly VSAM)
•Database control (DL/I & DB2)
Other CICS Services: Task Control - Program Control -
Temporary Storage (TS) & Transient Data Control (TD) -
Interval Control - Storage Control - Dump & Trace Control

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Defining the screens

BMS macros: a form of assembler language
Result of an assembles : Physical Map
Physical map contains info to :
• build the screen
• merge variable data between program & screen
• send variables back to program

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Program Control
Level
0 CICS
CICS

Program1
Level
LINK
1
...RETURN

Level Program 2 Program 3

2 XCTL LINK

...RETURN

Level Program 4
3

.....RETURN

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Example
ABCD of CICS application user
Average salary screen
by department

Type a department number and press enter.

Department number: A02

Average salary($): 58211.58

F3: Exit

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Introduction to the new mainframe
CICS and Web-enabling

4 major elements of web-enabled applications:

Presentation logic
Integration logic
Business logic
Data logic

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Introduction to the new mainframe

W eb CICS Web support

Browser

Direct
CICS region
connection
W eb-aware
CICS
presentation
TCP/IP logic
listener C
W
S C
O
IBM HTTP M CICS
Server for OS/390 M application
A
R
E
A

3270 3270
CICS EXCI Web presentation
WebServer bridge logic
Plugin

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Introduction to the new mainframe

CICS Transaction Gateway

CICS
Transaction
Gateway
Configuration
tool
Java client Gateway ctgcfg
application daemon CTG.INI

JNI

ECI EPI
ESI

Client
daemon
CICS
Transport server
drivers
Network

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Introduction to the new mainframe

What is IMS?
Information Management System
3 components:
• The Transaction Manager (TM)
• the Database Manager (DB)
• Set of system services, providing common services to the other
2

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Introduction to the new mainframe

IMS overview IMS

z/OS
Logs
Console

IMS System

Transaction Database
Manager Manager

IMS IMS
Message Databases
Queues

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Introduction to the new mainframe

IMS Transaction Manager messages

Four types of messages:
• Transactions
• To go to another logical destination
• Commands for IMS
• For the IMS APPC feature to process

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Introduction to the new mainframe

Summary
The continued growth of the Internet has caused many corporations to
consider the best ways to make their legacy systems available to users on
the Internet.

CICS is a transactional processing subsystem. CICS applications are

traditionally run by submitting a transaction request.
Information Management System (IMS) consists of three components:
• Transaction Manager (TM)
• Database Manager (DB)
• A set of system services common to both TM and DB

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