Make the paper clip float on water using

only water, the cup and paper clips.

 OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON

1. I CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN INTRAMOLECULAR AND

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION
2. I CAN ENUMERATE THREE INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION.
3. I CAN DESCRIBE WHAT IS A HYDROGEN BOND.
4. I CAN DESCRIBE THAT HOW SURFACE TENSION IS
PRODUCED FROM HYDROGEN BONDING IN WATER.
 QUESTIONS FOR YOU
1.Why do we need to put the paper clip onto
another paper clip to make it float?
2.Why do we need to dry the paper clip
before we use it?
3.What makes the clip float?
If the clip is put horizontally to the surface of
water, it has larger contact area and less
pressure exerting on the water surface.
LET’S PUT SOME SOAP IN THE WATER. USE
COTTON TIPS TO APPLY.
1. HOW DOES THE SOAP MAKE THE
FLOATING PAPER CLIP SINK?

2. DO YOU THINK THE PAPER CLIP CAN FLOAT

ON THE OIL WITH THE SAME METHOD?
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
(IMFA)
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

What’s the
difference
between
the two
forces?

Intermolecular forces of
attraction
Intermolecular
forces are the
attractive forces
between molecules
While intramolecular
forces are the
attractive forces
between atoms in a
molecule
The intermolecular
forces act like an
elastic
membrane/a thin
film which resists
being torn, aka as
surface tension
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION ACTS LIKE A THIN FILM ON
THE SURFACE OF WATER CALLED SURFACE TENSION
 The term surfactant is a
SOAP as a Surfactant blend of "surface
acting agent".
Surfactants are usually
organic compounds that
are amphipathic,
meaning they contain
both hydrophobic
groups (their "tails")
and hydrophilic groups
(their "heads").
Therefore, they are
soluble in both organic
solvents and water.
 TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
1. DIPOLE TO DIPOLE FORCES – ATTRACTIVE FORCES
BETWEEN POLAR MOLECULES
2. HYDROGEN BOND – ATTRACTIVE FORCES BETWEEN
HYDROGEN AND ELEMENTS WITH HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVITY
NAMELY, NITROGEN, OXYGEN & FLUORINE (N, O, F). A VERY
STRONG DIPOLE TO DIPOLE IMFA.

H2O
3. LONDON DISPERSION FORCES - IT IS THE ONLY
FORCE PRESENT IN NONPOLAR MOLECULES. IT IS
VERY WEAK.
1.WHAT IS THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN
MOLECULES?
A.INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE
B. INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
C.GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
D.APPLIED FORCE
2.WHICH IMFA OCCURS IN POLAR MOLECULES
CONTAINING H AND ANY ONE OF THE HIGHLY
ELECTRONEGATIVE ELEMENTS, IN PARTICULAR N,
O, F?
A. DIPOLE – DIPOLE
B. LONDON DISPERSION FORCES
C. HYDROGEN BOND
D. INTRAMOLECULAR BOND
3. WHAT IS THE PHENOMENON CAUSED BY
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES BETWEEN MOLECULES
ALLOWING LIQUIDS TO CREATE A THIN FILM ON ITS
SURFACE?
A. BOILING POINT
B. VISCOSITY
C. VAPORIZATION POINT
D. SURFACE TENSION
 QUESTIONS

HOW ARE WAVES

FORMED?
(USING IMFA)
Applications in Our Life

Surface tension is
essential for the
transfer of
energy from
wind to water to
create waves.
CAN YOU GIVE EXAMPLES
OF LIFE APPLICATIONS OF
SURFACE TENSION AND
HYDROGEN BONDING?
Because of the high
surface tension
between water and air,
water striders are able
to literally walk on
water.
Surface tension causes
these water droplets
on leaves to bead up
forming the smallest
surface possible.
 How would our
world look like if
there are no waves
in the oceans and
lakes?
Waves are
necessary for
rapid diffusion
of oxygen in
oceans and
lakes.
 QUIZ
TERMS DEFINTION DRAW AN EXAMPLE
1. Intramolecular
Forces of
Attraction
2. Intermolecular
Forces of
Attraction

3. Surface Tension
4. Surfactant
5. Hydrogen Bond
 ASSIGNMENT
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SUBSTANCE
FOR EACH TYPE OF INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES OF ATTRACTION. DRAW THEIR
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE. (NOTEBOOKS)