Conjunction

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that join two or

more words, phrases or clauses.

For, after, although, because, when, while, since

 Since

As a preposition As a conjunction As an adverb

 ‘Since’ used as a conjunction

Since is a conjunction when it joins two clauses (a main clause + a subordinate clause)
• Mike has been promoted twice since he joined the company.
(main clause =‘Mike has been promoted twice’; subordinate clause =‘he joined the company’)

Clauses introduced by since typically show one of the two associations: time or
cause/reason
• Mike has been promoted twice since he joined the company. (time)
(main clause =‘Mike has been promoted twice’; subordinate clause =‘he joined the
company’)
• Let’s discuss the problem now, since you’re here.
cause reason
 • Since can also mean because or as
1
• A since-clause introducing reason usually comes at the
beginning of the sentence.
• reason → result
• use a comma after the since- clause

reason result
Since he had not studied hard, he failed his exam.

Since I had no money, I couldn’t buy anything to eat.

Since she was tired, she took some rest.

Since her husband hated holidays she decided to go on her own.
so much,
Since the plane’s going to be an let’s go and get some coffee.
hour late,
 2 • Since comes at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
• They connect the result of something with its reason.
• result → reason

result
Bilardo coaches his team by telephone,
(coach of the Argentinian football team)
They’re rather expensive
Sean had no reason to take a taxi
They couldn’t deliver the parcel
We’ve made a lot of new friends
I think I’ll stay home and watch a film,
reason
since half of them play in Italy, France or Spain.
since they’re quite hard to find.
since his flat was near enough to walk to.
since no one was there to answer the door.
since we came to live in Yorkshire.
since it’s raining.
 Simple Questions

Please answer the questions.

since he was
1. The queen punished the soldier ________
dishonest.
since I have a new
2. I will take the photographs _______
digital camera.
Writing Time
 ‘Since’

• Since is a conjunction when it joins two clauses

• Clauses introduced by since typically show one of the two associations:
time or cause/reason
• Since can also mean because or as
• A since-clause introducing reason usually comes at the beginning of the
sentence.