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Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Lutz Hoffmann
Robert Bosch GmbH, Karlsruhe

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Tendencia fuerte: „Downsizing“


2000 2010

BMW 530d (E39) BMW 520d (E60)


6 cil. / 2996 cm³ 4 cil. / 1995 cm³
135 kW (184 HP) 135 kW (184 HP)
7,2 l/100 km 5,1 l/100 km

 Menos fricción interna


 Menos peso
 Cambio del punto de funcionamiento
n
Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Escalones del downsizing y niveles de ahorro


CO2 [g/km] Referencia: Gasolina, 4 cil., inyección indirecta

BDE
Turbo
Start/ Start/
Stop 3 cil. Stop DeNOx 3 cil.

Gasolina Diesel

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Sensores y electrónica de Bosch


Mando del motor Mando caja de cambios Sistemas de confort

Gestión de emisiones Dirección

Seguridad activa Seguridad pasiva

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Medidas dentro del motor contra emisiones

Medidor
de masa de aire

Tendencia:

Euro 3

Euro 4/5

Sonda lambda
LSU

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Límites legales de emisiones Diesel (autom.)


% 2005 2010
100
0,27 EU1
88/436/EEC 91% 95%
0,196
50 EU2
Partículas
0,14
0,10 EU3 EU4 EU5
0,05
0 0,025 0,005

100 5,8
ECE R15/04 95% 98%
50
HC + NOX 1,36 0,56 0,30
0 0,97 0,90 0,250

100 21,2
ECE R15/04 98% 98%
50
CO 1,0 0,64 0,50
0 2,72 0,50
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Valores = límites en g/km

Automotive Aftermarket
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such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Desapariciendo: Unit-Pump System UIS

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Dominando el mercado: Common-Rail System CRS

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Generaciones de sistemas Common-Rail (automóvil)

Desde Presión max. Tecnología

1a Generation 1997 1350 bar Solenoide

2002 1600 bar Solenoide


2a Generation
2009 1800 bar Solenoide

2003 1600 bar Piezo

3a Generation 2006 1800 bar Piezo

2007 2000 bar Piezo


4a Generation --- sólo veh. industriales ---
5a Generation 2011 2200 bar Piezo

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Último desarrollo del inyector de solenoide

 CRS 2-18
 1800 bar
 5 pulsos de inyección
 Desde 2009 e. g. VW 1,6 TDI
Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Inyección Diesel

Composición del proceso de inyección


Tratamiento de gases

Combustión óptima

Reducción de ruido aprox. 20 mm³

de 1 - 4mm³ de 3 – 5 mm³

Pre-Inyección Inyección principal Inyección posterior

Automotive Aftermarket
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well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Inyector Common-Rail CRI

1a+2a generación
 Solenoide

3a generación
 Piezo

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Diesel-Einspritzung und Schadstoffreduzierung

Inyector Common-Rail de solenoide

Automotive Aftermarket
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such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Diesel-Einspritzung und Schadstoffreduzierung

Inyector Common-Rail Piezo

Automotive Aftermarket
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such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Bombas Common-Rail para automóviles

CP1 CP1H CP3


(1400 bar) (1600 bar) (1600 – 1800 bar)

CP4.1 CP4.2
(1800 – 2000 bar) (1800 – 2000 bar)

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Abgasnachbehandlung mit Dieselpartikelfilter DPF

EDC
Differenz-
drucksensor
Ruß-
sensor

Temp.-
sensor

Temperatur-
sensor Partikelfilter

Oxidationskatalysator

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

DPF-Regenerationsstufen (Beispiel VW/Audi)


Rußbeladung

Zeit
Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

DPF-Diagnosefunktionen (Beispiel VW/Audi)

 Hersteller-Vorgabe:
Max. Aschegehalt 70 g
 Dann Austausch
des DPF erforderlich

Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Dieselpartikelfilter DPF – Vorteile und Nachteile

Partikelreduzierung um 99,8 … 99,9 %


aber …

Staudruck  Kraftstoffverbrauch, Ansprechverhalten


Regeneration  Kraftstoffverbrauch, Ölverunreinigung
Kurzstreckenbetrieb kritisch  ggf. Zwangsregeneration
DPF-Alterung  Kraftstoffverbrauch, Austausch-Kosten
Motoröl-Spezifikation  aschearme Spezialöle (wichtig!)
Automotive Aftermarket
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disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Inyección Diesel

Catalizador SCR* con Denoxtronic


Calefacción sensor de calidad Ad Blue
El aditivo AdBlue:
32,5% urea en agua

Control denox
Sin color, sin olor, no tóxico,
Sensor °C Sensor de nivel
pero corrosivo (pH 9 … 11)
Inyección permanente al
tubo de escape
Descomposición en amoníaco
Sonda  Consumo 2 … 5% del
Sensor °C Módulo de dosificación
consumo Diesel
Reducción de NOx hasta 90%
Catalizador SCR (reducción catalitica selectiva) *(SCR = „Selective Catalytic Reduction“)

Automotive Aftermarket
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well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Inyección Diesel

Denoxtronic desde 2004 en camiones

Denoxtronic

 Pulverización del aditivo  Inyección del aditivo


por aire comprimido por bomba eléctrica
 Producción desde 2004  Producción desde 2006
Automotive Aftermarket
21 AA/MKI3 | 2011 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2007. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Inyección Diesel

Coches: Tecnología Diesel para Euro 6


calefacción sensor de calidad Ad Blue
Combinación
Denoxtronic + filtro de partículas

Control del motor Control denox


sensor °C Sensor de nivel

Sensores actores Sensores actores


Sensor dif.
presión
Sonda 
módulo de dosificación
Sensor °C

Catalizador de oxidación Filtro de particulas Catalizador SCR (reducción catalitica selectiva)

Automotive Aftermarket
22 AA/MKI3 | 2011 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2007. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Vehículos Diesel con Denoxtronic + DPF

Blue Performance

Automotive Aftermarket
23 AA/MKI3 | 07.2011 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Inyección Diesel

Denoxtronic + DPF: Piezas de desgaste

 Cambio del filtro de


partículas cada
120 … 160 mil km

 Sensores
(presión diferencial,
temperatura, lambda)

 Módulo de suministro
AdBlue

 Módulo de dosificación
AdBlue

Automotive Aftermarket
24 AA/MKI3 | 2011 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2007. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Tecnología Diesel y reducción de emisiones

Abgaswärme-Rückgewinnung (ab ca. 2012)

Dampfbetriebene
Wärmekraftmaschine
(Turbine oder Kolbenmaschine)

 Wärmequellen: Abgasrohr und AGR


 Dampfkreisprozeß: Verdampfer  Wärmekraftmaschine  Kondensator
 Nutzung der Leistung: mechanisch oder elektrisch
 Für Dieselmotoren ab 200 kW
 Kraftstoffersparnis bis 5%

Automotive Aftermarket
25 AA/MKI3 | 07.2011 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

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