GSM to 3G

touch the future

By
Sidharth Sankar Pradhan
Roll no-200810005
Sidharth Sahoo
Roll no-200810025
 CONTENTS

 History
 Introduction of GSM
 CDMA
 Generation 2.5 to 3
 3G
 3.5G
 Evolution of 3G from GSM
 Comparison of 1G,2G,3G
 3G in India
 History

 First telephone (photophone) – Alexander Bell, 1880

 The first car mounted radio
telephone – 1921
 1946 – First commercial mobile radio-telephone
service by Bell and AT&T in Saint Louis, USA. Half
duplex(PTT)
 1973 – First handheld cellular phone – Motorola.
 First cellular net Bahrein 1978
 OVERVIEW OF GSM

 Based on TDMA(Time Division Multiplexing)

 Each channel is divided into timeslots, each
conversation uses one timeslot.
 Many conversations are multiplexed into a
single channel.
 GSM comes in three flavors(frequency
bands): 900, 1800, 1900 MHz.
 Voice is digitized using Full-Rate coding.
 20 ms sample => 260 bits . 13 Kbps bitrate
 GSM LAYOUT

Mobile Service Switching Center (MSSC)

HLR: home location register database VLR: visitor location register

AuC: authentication center EIR: equipment identity register database
GSM Overview
 BTS – houses the radiotransceivers
of the cell and handles the radio-link
protocols with the mobile
 BSC – manages radio resources
(channel setup, handover) for one or
more BTSs
 MSC – Mobile Switching Center
 The central component of the
network
 Like a telephony switch plus
everything for a mobile subscriber:
registration, authentication,
handovers, call routing, connection
to fixed networks.
 Each switch handles dozens of cells
 CDMA

 Code Division Multiple Access

 All users share the same frequency all the
time!
 To pick out the signal of specific user, this
signal is modulated with a unique code
sequence.
 Generation 2.5 to 3
 Generation #2.5 – packet-switching
 Connection to the internet is paid by packets and not by
connection time.
 Connection to internet is cheaper and faster [up to 56KBps]
 The service name is GPRS – General Packet Radio Services
 Generation #3
 Permanent web connection at 2Mbps
 Internet, phone and media: 3 in 1
 The standard based on GSM is called UMTS.
 The EDGE standard is the development of GSM towards 3G.
 3G: WHAT'S NEW?

 A wide range of market-focused applications

 Long-term market-driven creativity, an innovative
value chain and real user benefits, driving genuine
market demand
 Advanced, lightweight, easy-to-use terminals with
intuitive interfaces · Instant, real-time multimedia
communications
 Global mobility and roaming
 A wide range of vendors and operators, offering
choice, competition and affordability
 High-speed e-mail and Internet access
 3G

 3G cellular technology is defined as the provision of

wireless broadband data and information services right to a
person’s mobile unit.
 Compared to the previous technologies, 3G promises
speeds ranging from 144 Kbps, which is 3 times faster
compared to the traditional 56K dial-up modem connection
up to 2.4 Mbps, which is very near cable-modem speed.
 The networks of 3G allows you to browse quickly through
web pages, watch on-demand video programs, download
and play music, videos and 3D games, watch streaming
videos and music videos and have a video conference with
others located on the other side of the plant
 3.5G

3.5G or HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is

an enhanced version and the next intermediate generation
of 3G UMTS. It comprises the technologies that improve
the Air Interface and increase the spectral efficiency, to
support data rates of the order of 30 Mbps. 3.5G introduces
many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology
in future.It already supports DVB and most of the features
that will be provided in 3G. These include:
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 Fast Scheduling
 Backward compatibility with 3G
 Enhanced Air interface
 Adoption of different mobile standards
 First steps to 3G

 270 commercial GPRS networks No. of commercial networks per mobile data standard
 141 networks deploying GPRS/EDGE
 84 commercial EDGE networks 300
(source: GSA, May 16, 2009) 250
 121 commercial Cdma2000 1x networks 200
(source: CDG, May 13, 2009) 150
100
 3G 50
0
EDGE/GPRS CDMA2000-1x WCDMA 1xEV-DO
 WCDMA: 134 licenses awarded
 171 commercial WCDMA networks
(source: GSA May 12, 2009)
 22 commercial CDMA 1x EV-DO networks
(source: CDG, May 13, 2009)

 Evolved 3G
 HSDPA: all WCDMA operators expected to upgrade to HSDPA (SW upgrade to BTS)
 CDMA 1x EV-DV: limited industry support

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 COMPARISON
TECHNOLOGY   FEATURES
1G   AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone -Analog voice service
Service   - No data service
2G   CDMA Code Division Multiple
Access - Digital voice service
- 9.6K to 14.4K bit/sec.
  TDMA Time Division Multiple Access - CDMA, TDMA and PDC
offer one-way data
  GSM Global System for Mobile   transmissions only
Communications - Enhanced calling features
like caller ID
  PDC Personal digital cellular - No always-on data
connection

3G   W-CDMA Wide-band Code Division   - Superior voice quality

Multiple Access - Up to 2M bit/sec. always-on
data
  CDMA-2000 Based on the Interim - Broadband data services
Standard-95 CDMA standard like video and multimedia
- Enhanced roaming

  TD-SCDMA Time-division synchronous

code-division multiple-access
 GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution

GSM 3x improvement in data rate on short distances
HSCSD
9.6kbps (one timeslot) Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
GSM Data Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Also called CSD Can also be combined with HSCSD

GSM GPRS
WCDMA
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps EDGE
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

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UPGRADE COST

15
 3G IN INDIA

 BSNL had lunched 3G service in November

2009 and recently it has lunched 3.5G
 3G video calling and internet browsing rate is
less than 2G.
 Other operators like Bharati Airtel,
Vodafone,idea announced that they will lunch
3G service at end of this year.
THANK YOU
ANY QUESTION ?