Professional Documents
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P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
1.1dO – 1.3dO
2dO – 2.4dO
dO
0.8dO – 0.9dO
1.2dO – 1.4dO
5dO – 9dO
Numerical Computation of Total Pressure Variation
Acceptable Performance of Nozzle
P turbineQgH
2
Q d jet ,VC K v1 2 gH
4
To generate a discharge of Q, we need a least jet diameter of
4Q
d jet ,VC
K v1 2 gH
The Diameter of Jet before Reaching Bucket
2
Q d o K vo 2 gH
4
0.81 KvO 0.83
Circumferential velocity of
the wheel, Uwheel
U wheel 2 gH
U wheel K uwheel 2 gH
Jet Power & Conditions for Maximum Power
V jet cos i U b
P m U b V jet cos i U b kb cos180 e
cos
i
Ub
cos i
Ub V jet
cos180 e
Ub
P m
cos i kb
V jet V jet cos i
Ub
Define, Blade Speed Ratio as C b
V jet
cos180 e
cos C
P m Cb cos i Cb kb i b
cos i
P
0
Cb
Implication of Maximum Power Condition
U wheel
Cb, formax power
V jet
Dwheel N wheel
U wheel K u wheel max . power 2 gH
60
60 K uwheel 2 gH P turbineQgH
N wheel
Dwheel
P
Ns
N wheel
2
Q d jet ,VC K v1 2 gH
4
4
gH 5
P gH
4
d 2jet ,VC K v1
2 gH turbine
60 K uwheel 2 gH
2
turbinegH d jet ,VC K v1 2 gH
4
D wheel
Ns
4
gH
5
60 K uwheel 2
2
Ns 2turbine d jet ,VC K v1
Dwheel
4
2
C
Dwheel
turbine 2 Ns
2
For maximum efficiency
K u K v1
jet ,VC
d
wheel
Optimal values of Wheel diameter to jet diameter
30
25
20
Dwheel 15
d jet
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ns
Experimental values of Best values of Wheel diameter to jet
diameter
Ns (rpm) 35 32 24 10
turbine 0.82 0.86 0.89 0.90
N P
Ns 5 P in hp, H in meters and N in rpm
4
H
The highest ratio used in the world is 110 (Kt. Glauraus Power
House in Switzerland).
P
N wheel
500 3000
Ns 2.6
4
gH 5 4
1650 5
The Second Relation : Jet Vs Bucket
External stroboscopic
flow visualization
Runner with Advanced Buckets
Bucket Displacement Diagram
• A notch made near the edge of the outer rim of each bucket is
carefully sharpened to ensure a loss-free entry of the jet into the
buckets,
• i.e., the path of the jet is not obstructed by the incoming buckets.
BUCKET GEOMETRIC DEFINITIONS
Geometric Details of Bucket