Professional Documents
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VALE
Instructor I
The teacher and learner are key players
in the learning environment
The LEARNER is an embodied spirit
He is the union of sentient body and
rational soul
COGNITIVE equipments- senses, instinct,
imagination, memory and intellect
APPETITIVE equipments- feelings,
emotion and rational will
ABILITY- Capacity to understand and
assimilate information for own use and
application
APTITUDE- Students innate talent or gift
INTERESTS- Activities undertaken due to
appeal or attraction
FAMILY AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND-
Varied behavior due to different
upbringing faculties
ATTITUDES- Unique way of thinking and
reacting
POSITIVE ATTITUDES:
CURIOSITY- Anxiousness and eagerness
to learn
RESPONSIBILITY- Pursue assigned tasks
CREATIVITY- Generating new ideas
PERSISTENCE- Sustain interests
Howard Earl Gardner
To
provide match between instruction
and assessment
COGNITIVE: (Bloom)
Knowledge or recall- memorization
Comprehension- understanding
Application- Use of abstract to practical
situation
Analysis- breaking whole to parts
Synthesis- putting parts to whole, new
form
Evaluation- Judgment
AFFECTIVE: (KRATHWOHL) lowest-highest
Receiving- awareness, willingness
To listen attentively
Responding- compliance
To contribute to group discussion by asking
questions
Valuing- acceptance, commitment, defend
Argue over an issue on good health practices
Organization- conceptualization of values
Organize a meeting about good health practices
Characterization- generalized philosophy
Join a rally with a noble cause
PSYCHOMOTOR: (Harlow)
Reflex movements- Fundamental movements
To run a 100 meters
Perceptual abilities- Senses
Distinguish distant and close sound
Physical abilities- endurance, strength
To do five sit ups
Skilled movements- relate to games, dance,
sports and arts
To dance the basic waltz steps
Nondiscursive communication- movements
trough gesture, facial expressions and creative
movements
PSYCHOMOTOR: (Moore)
Imitation-Copy
Manipulation- Do independently
Precision- Do with mastery
IMPORTANCE:
Provides overview of instruction
Facilitates good management of
instruction
Makes learning purposeful
COMPONENTS:
Objectives
SubjectMatter
Learning Activities
• Review
• Motivation
• Lesson Proper
• Generalization
• Application
Evaluation
Assignment (enrichment, extension,
remedial)
VALIDITY- Contents must be in accordance to
national standards
SIGNIFICANCE- What we teach must respond to
students needs
BALANCE- Contents must include facts, concepts
and values
SELF SUFFICIENCY- Content fully covers essential
INTEREST- Teachers considers interests of students
UTILITY- Learning contents can be used to
practical situations
FEASIBILITY- Important matters are covered in an
ample amount of time
HOW TO HELP STUDENTS LEARN MORE:
Provide opportunities for
experimentation
Present ideas of others
Explore topics in depth
Show students
Ask students to teach others
Promote dialogue
Use authentic activities
FACT- idea or action that can be verified
I am handsome
CONCEPT- Categorization of events, places, people, ideas
Have fair skin, chinito eyes, red lips
PRINCIPLE- relationship between facts and concepts
People with fair skin, chinito eyes and red lips are called
handsome
HYPOTHESIS- Educated guess
Women will easily fall with men who have fair skin, chinito
eyes and red lips
THEORIES- Set of facts, concepts and principles
Michael’s Theory of handsomeness
LAWS- Tested Theories
Michael’s way to handsomeness
Use gluta to have fair skin
Use eye liner to have chinito eyes
Use lipstick to have red lips
Thinking skills- Skillfull application of what is
learnt
DIVERGENT THINKING: (Use of many thinking
skills and combining them to have a single
thought)
Divergent Question: Why do Filipinos love
foreign products?
Fluent thinking- Generating many possible ideas
Flexible thinking- Thinking of different ideas
Original Thinking- Thinking the way others have
not thought before
Elaborative Thinking- Expanding ideas
CONVERGENT THINKING- Narrowing down
of many thoughts to possible thoughts
Convergent Question: Who is the national
hero of the Philippines?
PROBLEM SOLVING
Algorithm- Use of step by step instructions
to solve problems
Heuristic- Informal and intuitive solutions to
problems
Ex: Drug Problem
Algorithm- Educate community, Record
pushers and users, enroll them to activities
Heuristic- Kill the pushers and users
Metaphorical/Analogical Thinking-
Implying similarity or parallelism
Ex: Drug users are human. Human can be
taught. Drug users can be taught
Critical Thinking- Evaluating information
or arguments based on accuracy
Verbal reasoning- Use of persuations
AWARENESS- Notice
CURIOSITY- Wonder
IMAGINATION- Speculate
FLUENCY- Produce large quantities of ideas
FLEXIBILITY- Look at things at different
perspectives
ORIGINALITY- Produce new ideas
ELABORATION- Add new idea
PERSEVERANCE- Keep trying until finding
answers
Values are TAUGHT and CAUGHT
Deutoro-learning:
Learn by exposing students
Positively reinforce good behavior
Discuss cognitive components of values
Values are TAUGHT and CAUGHT
Deutoro-learning:
Learn by exposing students
Positively reinforce good behavior
Discuss cognitive components of values
GUIDING PRINCIPLES:
Learning is an active process- involve students
More senses, more learning
“What I hear, I forget, What I see, I remember,
What I do, I understand”
A non-threatening atmosphere enhances
learning
Emotion increases retention and learning-
cognitive process is emotionally charged
Learning is meaningful if it is connected to
student’s life
Good teaching go beyond memory recall
An integrated teaching approach is better than
teaching isolated information-connect
everything
Authentic problem solving- to engage
learners
Project making- increase meaning and
motivation
Simulations and role plays- To make
meaning
Visual processing- A picture is worth a
thousand words
Songs, Jingles and raps
Mnemonic strategies
Writing strategies
Active review- students review themselves
at alloted time
Hands-on activities- learn by doing
There
is no such thing as best method or
approach
DIRECT/EXPOSITIVE INSTRUCTION
APPROACH
Direct Instruction- procedural knowledge
in a step by step manner
Used for organized body of knowledge
Link new knowledge with prior learning
Deductive method- General to specific
Presents rule/generalization with
examples
PRINCIPLE:
Differentiated based on levels
Enhances parents involvement (in a minimal
level)
Has a relevant function and purpose
understood by all
Evaluated and commented on
Establish and communicate homework
policy
“WHEN YOU ARE
TIRED WITH WHAT
YOU’RE DOING,
ALWAYS GO BACK
TO YOUR REASON
WHY.”
BREAK THE ODDS,
CONQUER YOUR
FEARS,
BE THE NEXT LET
TOPNOTCHER!
-MICHAEL P. VALE
Licensed Professional
Teacher (LPT)
September 2016 LET,
4th National Placer