Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Two facets:
◦ Potential: power does not need to be actualized to
be effective
◦ Dependency: based on the available alternatives
and their desirability
Differences Leadership Power
Goal Requires goal Only needs
Compatibility congruence dependence
Focuses on Concerned with
Direction of
downward influence in all
Influence
influence directions
Broader topic:
focuses on
Research Emphasizes
tactics used by
Emphasis leadership style
individuals and
groups
Due to organizational position:
Coercive Power
◦ Complies from fear of the negative results
Reward Power
◦ Complies due to desire for positive
benefits
Legitimate Power
◦ From the formal authority to control and
use organizational resources
Stems from an individual’s unique
characteristics:
Expert
◦ Influence wielded as a result of expertise, special
skill, or knowledge
Referent
◦ Based on identification with a person who has
desirable resources or personal traits - charisma
Expert and referent power are positively
related to performance and commitment
Organizational Politics:
Activities not required as part of one’s formal role in
the organization, but that influence, or attempt to
influence, the distribution of advantages and
disadvantages within the organization
◦ Outside of job requirements
◦ Requires the use of power
Based on sticking to the implied rules
Legitimate:
◦ Normal everyday politics – complaining
Illegitimate:
◦ “Hardball” activities such as sabotage, whistle-
blowing, and symbolic protests
Politics arise in organizations because of:
Conflicting interests
Limited resources
Ambiguity in decision making
Performance Evaluations
◦ Ingratiation positively related
◦ Self-promotion is negatively related
Questions to consider: