Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Fire
EACH OF THESE THREE ELEMENTS MUST BE PRESENT
AT T H E S A M E T I M E TO H AV E A F I R E . A F I R E W I L L
BURN UNTIL ONE OR MORE OF THE ELEMENTS IS
REMOVED.
Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas
Heat
Oxygen
The energy necessary to
The air we breathe is increase the temperature of
about 21% oxygen – fuel to where sufficient
fire needs only vapors are given off for
16% oxygen ignition to occur
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FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
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FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
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FIRE ALARM PRINCIPLE
A LIFE SAFETY principle that provides Early Warning to building occupants when the
fire is in its incipient or early stage.
Input FACP Output
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DETECTOR CATEGORIES
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FIRE DETECTION DEVICES
Heat detection
I. Fixed Temperature
II. Rate of Rise
III. Linear heat detection
Smoke detection
I. Aspiration detectors
II. Beam - light obscuration
III. Ionization
IV. Video Smoke Detection
V. Optical - light scatter
Other types of detection
I. Flame
II. Gas or CO detection
III. Multi-sensor fire detectors Combination of Optical, Heat &
CO sensors
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ORDER OF RESPONSE
Time
Smoke Sensitivity
1 2 3 4
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
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FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
• A combination of LIFE SAFETY & PROPERTY SAFETY that comprises of Detection and
Suppression, operates automatically without or with human intervention.
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PRINCIPLE OF A FIRE SUPPRESSION
A total flooding system that extinguishes fire by reducing OXYGEN level or inhibits
CHEMICAL REACTION in an enclosure/room using Inert or Clean Agent gases.
The system composes of Alarm Detection Devices, Agent/Gas cylinder, Mechanical piping
and Solenoid actuator device.
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TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
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COMPONENTS OF A SPRINKLER SYSTEM
■ Branch Lines then extend off the Risers and Mains horizontally
to bring water to all the sprinkler heads.
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DIAGRAM
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TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS
■ Pendants
■ Uprights
■ Sidewalls
■ Special Coverage
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FIRE SPRINKLER COLORS
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FACTS ABOUT SPRINKLERS
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DIESEL FIRE PUMP ENGINES
FIRE PUMP
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U.L. LISTEES FOR CONTACTOS
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DIESEL DRIVER & FUEL SWITCH & ENGINE GAGE
PANEL
MCS 4817 Low Fuel Switch
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LIFE SAFETY
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LIFE SAFETY
• Oil Filled Transformers: 2 hour fire resistive rated construction or spatial separation of 3 m
(10 ft) where located exterior to the building
• Storage: 1 hour construction.
• Miscellaneous storage: Does not exceed 2.45 m (8 ft.) in height, accessory to other
occupancies , does not exceed 23 m2 (250 ft2 ) in any one area and is separated by a
minimum 3.0 m (10ft) from other storage areas.
• Construction of new non-high-rise factories containing G and/or H2 occupancies
(factories) shall be Type 1 or Type 2 construction as required in BNBC Part 2 Table 3.2.4.
• Existing buildings greater than 2 stories with nonrated construction shall not exceed 2000
m2 (22,000 sq. ft.) per floor unless automatic sprinkler protection is provided throughout.
• Automatic sprinkler system: occupiable floor greater than 23 m (75 ft) above the finished
grade.
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LIFE SAFETY
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LIFE SAFETY
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LIFE SAFETY
• Dead End Corridor. Dead end corridors shall not exceed that provided in Given Table
Below
• EXIT SIGN: not less than 50 lux at the illuminated surface with a contrast of not less than
0.5. Self-luminous minimum luminance of 0.2cd/m2 may also be used. The means of egress
paths shall be illuminated at all times the building is occupied,10 lux for all corridors, exit
doors, and stairways. Aisles shall be provided with a minimum 2.5 lux.
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Thank You
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