Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF
REASONI
Group 4: AQUINO, BALINGAO, and PORTES
FORMS OF
a. REASONING
Deductive Reasoning
b. Inductive Reasoning
c. Inductive Generalization
d. Analogy
DEDUCTI
VE
REASONI
Deductive
Reasoning
• In deductive reasoning, a conclusion
is compelled by known facts.
• Deduction is often expressed in the
form of a syllogism, in which a
conclusion is inferred from two
known premises.
Deductive
Reasoning
All men are mortal. Major Premise
Socrates is a man. Minor Premise
Socrates is Conclusion
mortal.
Deductive
Reasoning
• The major premise is usually a broad
and generally applicable truth.
• The minor premise is usually a more
specific and narrowly applicable
fact.
• The conclusion is true as a
consequence of the premises.
Deductive
Reasoning
• The principle behind a syllogism is that
what is true of the universal is also true
of the specific.
• In deductive reasoning, you reason from
the general to the particular, so it is
essential that the general statement is a
universal truth.
• If the major premise is true and the minor
premise is true the conclusion cannot be
false.
Deductive
Judge
Reasoning
Aldisert outlines syllogisms from
several watershed Supreme Court opinions,
including the following syllogism from
Marbury v. Madison:
• The Judicial Department’s province and
duty is to say what the law is.
• The Supreme Court is the Judicial
Department.
• The Supreme Court’s province and duty is
to say what the law is.
Deductive
Reasoning
• In deductive legal reasoning, the decision
maker begins with a specific set of facts,
looks at the law that applies to those facts,
and reaches a verdict.