EXCITER AND

EXCITATION SYSTEMS

Presented by
Abhilash Chandra Aron
Service Engineer & Consultant
Turbogenerators
 EXCITERS
 DC exciters - Direct shaft driven
- Gear driven
 High frequency generators: ‘HFG’
 Power frequency AC generators
At VSTPP, 6 x 210 MW have 50Hz exciters
 Brushless exciters - Rotating diodes
- Thyristors
Rotor separate or integral to TG rotor
 Static Excitation - Thyristors
 BRUSHLESS EXCITERS - MERITS
 Easy transmission of large field currents
without brushes and slip rings.
 Full ceiling voltage available, even in the
event of grid disturbances.
 Time constant of TG rotor relative to that
of exciter is large in case of fast current
control. Hence dynamic behavior of
brushless exciter is same as that for
static system. ACA - EXCIT - 3 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER: MERITS - 2

 Brushless exciters have high operating

reliability and no maintenance.
 Response ratio i.e.exciter voltage vs time
(DeltaUE / UEN / 0.5 sec) is in the range of
2 per sec. This is not quite as fast as
static system. But dynamic behavior of
TG is determined by voltage / time area.
This area is nearly the same in both.
ACA - EXCIT - 4 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER : MERITS - 3

 No initial build up circuit is required since

supply obtained from PMG source.
 Voltage regulator has two channel
structure. It is implemented exclusively
with a configurable digital control system

ACA - EXCIT - 5 / 72 HO
 NOMINAL RESPONSE VE
( IEC 34 - 16 - 1)
ACTUAL
EXCITATION C BUILD-UP
SYSTEM CURVE
VOLTAGE D
UE UE
SLOPE
If N
A B
AREA ABC=ABD
VE= UE per sec
0.5 Uf N

A. C. ARON
0 0.5 TIME t SECS
99 08 09 EXCIT - 6 / 72
 BRUSHLESS EXCITER

 1st exciter was commissioned in 1964.

 Largest: 240 diodes, 6720 KW since ‘84
 More than 250 exciters are in operation.
 Silicon wafer withstands 1000 Kg / cm ².
 Diodes now indigenously available. They
were rig tested at BHEL Hardwar.
 Diodes withstand 2 KV reverse peak
voltage.
ACA - EXC - 7 / 72 HO
 Low mass & low thermal capacity make
diodes sensitive to loads. Over-currents
during regulating operations & transient
phenomenon, following sudden short
circuits, have effect of ‘continuous loads’
despite their transient nature.
 Terminal shorts raise excitation to 300%
This decays in 2 - 3 sec, main overload
condition remaining 50% over-excitation
for 10 sec. Bridge is therefore rated for
150% continuous output. ACA- EXC - 8 / 72 HO
 BRUSHLESS EXCITER - 3

 Reserve diodes are provided, such that

with 20% less diodes, 150% excitation
possible. Unequal load sharing, so 10%
overrated diodes used.
 AC armature designed for 150-300 Hz
to give smaller exciter time constants
and faster response.

ACA - EXCIT - 9 / 72 HO
 BRUSHLESS EXCITER - 4

3 phase output of PMG - pilot exciter is

rectified and controlled by AVR giving
variable excitation to main exciter field.
 High voltages in excitation circuit occur
when excitation current attempts to
reverse its polarity.This happens on rotor
slip & on shutdown at most unfavorable
instant following asynchronous operation
ACA - EXCIT - 10 / 72 HO
 BRUSHLESS EXCITER - 5

 Failure of PMG leads to excitation failure

causing asynchronous operation and TG
shut down. Decaying field could attempt
to drive current in reverse direction, thus
inducing high voltages across diodes.
 Good damping contains over - voltages
within 400% of rated excitation under
worst case. At 500 V rated voltage, peak
voltage across diode would be 1000V.
ACA - EXCIT - 11 / 72 HO
 EXCITER COOLING
VAPOR EXHAUST

COOLER

A C ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 12 / 72 3 FEB 01
 BRUSHLESS EXCITATION - BASIC
EXCITATION SYSTEM SCHEME
BRUSH FOR E/F DETECTION
PILOT EXCITER
AVR QUADRAT. AXIS COIL
EXCITER

R - C BLOCK

+
TG ROTOR
TG STATOR
A. C. ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 12 / 72 99 09 12
 BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM

 AVR is fast response thyristor controlled

duel channel type having provision to
reverse field across main exciter.
 It has two identical channels: Auto with
closed loop voltage regulation & Manual
with field current regulation.

ACA - EXCIT - 13 / 72 HO
 BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM - 2
 Automatic follow up circuit is provided to
supervise & match firing pulses in Auto
& Manual channels, so that auto-manual
changeover takes place with minimum
disturbance .
 Automatic changeover from ‘Auto’ to
‘Manual’ if auto channel circuit faults.
 Modules of AVR are plug in type so that
defective one can be pulled out and
repaired with AVR in operation.
ACA-EXCIT-15 / 72
BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM - 3

 Voltagesetting range in Auto: 90 -110%

 Reference potentiometers of Auto and
Manual mode motor operated from UCB

ACA - EXCIT - 16 / 72 HO
 B’LESS SCHEME: MEDIUM TGs
VOLT REGULN.: AUTO MANUAL
BALANCING OUT PUT CURRENT
R Y B M GEN VOLT INSTMT.
SET POINT
DV M SET POINT
VT MEASURING
CIRCUIT GEN VOLT
COMPENSATE CONTROLLER CONTROLER
CT
FOLLOW UP
CONTROL
G GATE GATE
CONTROL CONTROL

DE-EXCITN AUTO-
MANUAL
CONTROL SELECTOR

EXC
THYR.
PMG
FB
A. C. ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 17 / 72 15 02 2000
 SPECIAL FEATURES OF SYSTEM

 De-excitation takes place in exciter field

circuit only. Hence it takes longer, as in
case of 2 ph short in TG stator winding.
 De-excitation starts only after TG unit is
disconnected from system. Most of fault
energy is converted by this time.
 Even ultra high speed de-excitation can
not influence DC component of short
circuit current.ACA - EXCIT - 18 / 72 HO
 SYSTEM SPECIAL FEATURES - 2

 Itis also impossible to supress field in

quadrature axis by negative excitation.
Depending upon system fault power,
nearly 40% of energy at fault point
can be suppressed by ultra high speed
de-excitation.
 On a 2 ph short circuit, therefore, fastest
de - excitation cannot prevent serious
damage to stator.
ACA - EXCIT - 19 / 72 HO
 SYSTEM SPECIAL FEATURES - 3

 In case of single earth faults,currents are

low and no serious core damages occur
even without fast de-excitations.
 Armature reaction field is available at
quadrature axis position, is proportional
to excitation current & can be measured
by either quadrature axis placed coils or
by Hall generators external to armature.
ACA - EXCIT - 20 / 72 HO
 SYSTEM SPECIAL FEATURES - 4

 Coils voltage rises linearly with current.

UCB instrument shows current in Amp.
as read by quadrature axis coils.
 In factory, for exciter testing, detachable
slip rings are coupled to measure exact
current, voltage and temperature rise
values.

ACA - EXCIT - 21 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER - CONSTRUCTION

 Diodes are arranged in rectifier wheel in

3ph bridge circuit. Contact pressure on
silicon wafer is produced by plate spring
assembly. This pressure gets increased
by centrifugal force during rotation.
 Each diode has a heat sink, is protected
by fuse - in case, diode fails in reverse
blocking.
ACA - EXCIT - 22 / 72 HO
 B’LESS CONNECTION TO TG ROTOR
COUPLING BOLT
GEN. ROTOR INSULATION
MULTI CONTACT
PLUG IN SOCKET FIELD LEAD
INSULATION

A. C. ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 23 / 72
99 09 09
CONNECTION TO TG ROTOR - 2

SILVER
PLATED

A C ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 24 / 72 02 06 2000
 D C LEAD ASSEMBLY

LOCK SCREW

INSULATION
TUBE
NUT
SEALING

• HV TESTED FOR 5 KV A C ARON

ACA - EXCIT - 25 / 72 • LOCKTITE IN THREADS 26 09 2000
 C C BOLT - DC LEAD ASSEMBLY
CC BOLT
STEEL BOLT

PINS DIA 4mm

CURRENT
TRANSFER
ANTI-ROTATION
KEY

ACA - EXCIT - 26 / 72 A C ARON

27 09 2000
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 2

 Fuses rated 800 V, 800 A with built in

indicators protect diodes on exciter shaft.
Indigenous fuses are under development
and shall be rig tested.
 Stroboscope used periodically to check
fuse health during operation.
 On line fuse monitoring device used for
large exciters ( TGs >500 MW ). Device
is now indigenously available from BHEL
ACA - EXCIT - 27 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 3

 Resin encapsulated R-C blocks suppress

momentary voltage peaks arising from
commutation.
 DC from wheels is fed to leads arranged
in central bore via radial bolts.

ACA - EXCIT - 28 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER: AC LEADS
BE 54 / 34 - 30 / 6 - 4 FOR 67 MW TG
TO DIODES BLOWER TO AC
ARMATURE
B D F

B D SEC F-F
SEC B-B D-D F

TO DIODES
A C ARON
ACA - EXCIT - 29 / 72 18 FEB 01
 B’LESS EXCITER - DC CONNECTIONS

A. C. ARON
21 02 2000

ACA - EXCIT - 30 / 72
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 4
3 phase main exciter is a 6 pole machine
Stator frame has poles with field, damper
winding and quadrature axis measuring
coil for monitoring TG rotor current.
 AC output is led to circular bus bars to
which diodes are connected.
 Rotor is made of stacked laminations
which are pressed together and held by
through bolts and end press rings.
ACA - EXCIT - 31/72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 5
 Winding overhang is held by 18 Cr-18Mn
alloy steel bandage wire. This alloy is
stress corrosion proof. Earlier 8-8-4 alloy
was used that required to be coated with
silicone varnish to protect it from stress
corrosion.
 Wound armature is impregnated with
class F resin system and hot cured.
Thereafter it is shrunk fit on to the shaft.
ACA - EXCIT - 32 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 6

 One pedestal bearing only with hydraulic

lift provision is provided.The bearing has
provision for vibration pick up and is
electrically insulated from earth.
 Exciter has closed air ventilation system
with its own air-cooler & shaft mounted
centrifugal fan.

ACA - EXCIT - 33 / 72 HO
 B’LESS EXCITER CONSTRUCTION - 7
 Dry air blower is provided to keep exciter
dry during rest / barring gear. It consists
of motor - blower, heaters, air filter and
desiccant. Continuous reactivation
process is possible. AIR
 Cleanliness of HEATER
exciter is impt. ROTATING
because of air DESICCANT
BED
cooling & optimum EXHAUST
electric.clearances. TO EXCITER
ACA - EXCIT - 34 / 72 HO
 PMG - PILOT EXCITER
 Low excitation power-400 HZ permanent
magnet generator is provided as pilot
exciter with brushless exciters.
 The PMG ELP 50/42-30/16 is rated :
65 KVA, 220 V, 3 Ph, 91 A and 158 A for
field forcing.
 Frame has laminated core with 3ph wdg.
Rotor has mounted poles. Permanent
magnets are screwed to poles. ACA- EXCIT - 35 / 72 HO
 PMG - PILOT EXCITER - 2
TESTS

 Magnetization and stabilization of

‘permanent’ magnets. Check locking.
 Load characteristics.
 Heat run at full load. Measure temps.
 High voltage tests and insulation
resistance measurements.

ACA - EXCIT - 36 / 72 HO
 EXCITER TESTING
 Rotor balanced & over-speeded 120%.
 Flux test on armature core before wdg.
 Inter-turn health test on field coils.
 Ohmic and insulation resistance of field
and armature windings.
 HV tests on armature winding, diode
assembly and field winding.
 Diode failure indicating equipment-test.
ACA - EXCIT - 37 / 72 HO
 EXCITER TESTING - 2

 Full load test run with 1.21 R20 resist.

and 110% current ( IR ).
 Heat run at 110% generator rotor rated
voltage and current.
 OCC - upto ceiling voltage vs IF .
 Quadrature axis coil volts vs IR for
maximum armature current.
 Response ratio - ceiling voltage.
 Computation of losses and efficiency.
ACA - EXCIT - 38 / 72 HO
B’LESS EXCITER FOR 65 MW ABB TG
 223 V DC, 1145 A (1260 A), Class F
Nomex in rotor & Micadur in field wdg.
 Exciter coupled with one bearing only.
 Ceiling voltage : 1.6 Rated: 355 Volts
 Manual control - max voltage: 245 V
 Response ratio with a 10% step signal
disturbance not less than 1.25.
 5.5 kW pilot exciter with 6.5 kW maxim.
Rated voltage:170 V, Ceiling: 260 V.
ACA - EXCIT - 39 / 72
 B’LESS EXCITER FOR 67.5 MW
BE 54 / 34 - 30 / 6 - 4
 Continuous rating: 1000 A, 550 V
 10 Seconds rating: 1440 A, 800 V
 Armature dia: 54 cm; Length: 34 cm.
 Thermal class F insulation:
 Rotor winding : ‘Micalastic’
 Field winding: Spun glass
 Rotor bandage: Tin coated 18Mn -18Cr
alloy steel wire or alternate.
 Pilot exciter: ELP 39/12 - 30 - 6 ACA - EXCIT - 40 / 72
 B’LESS EXCITER FOR 250 MW
BE 70 / 62 - 30 / 6 - 10
 Continuous rating: 3200 A, 420 V
 10 seconds rating: 4500 A, 600 V
 Armature dia: 70 cm; Length: 62 cm.
 Thermal class F insulation:
 Rotor winding : Micalastic
 Field winding: Spun glass
 Rotor bandage: Tin coated 18Mn -18Cr
alloy steel wire. - ACA EXCIT - 41 / 72
 B’LESS EXCITER FOR 500 MW
BE 70 / 90 - 30 / 6 - 20
 Rating: 3840 kW, 6300 A, 600 V
 10 seconds output: 7050 kW
 Current & voltage: 8600 A, 820 V.
 Nominal current : 4030 Amp.
 Response ratio: >2
 60 diodes per wheel (20 per arm)
 Current per diode: 67 A, and
with 6 out of 20 diodes failed: 96 A
 Armature dia: 70 cm; Length 90 cm
ACA - EXCIT - 42 / 72
 ALIGNMENT OF EXCITER ROTOR
 Rotor is located with respect to TG rotor
by spigot and 3 guide bolts. Studs & nuts
rigidly couple the two rotors.
 Rotors are rotated. Dial indications taken
on exciter journal & coupling flange OD
and on TG rotor coupling flange OD.
These values to be < 0.03 mm.
 If run-out is more on exciter flange, same
to be adjusted with the aid of clearances.
ACA - EXCIT - 43 / 72 HO
 ALIGNMENT OF EXCITER ROTOR - 2

 If more on journal, it is to be corrected by

scrapping exciter coupling flange - by
blue matching with generator rotor flange
This operation usually done during initial
assembly.
 Exciter bearing is so assembled, that it is
preloaded to an extent of 0.05 mm by
lifting up the exciter journal.
ACA - EXCIT - 44 / 72 HO
 EXCITER SUPERVISION

 Cooling air temp.:Cold & Hot air for main

exciter and hot air after rectifier wheels.
 Cooling water temp.: Inlet / Outlet to &
from air cooler.
 Exciter bearing temperature (< 90°C ).
 Exciter shaft vibrations in Microns.
 Exciter bearing vibration:H / V / A Micron
 Shaft lift oil pressure in Bars.
ACA - EXCIT - 45 / 72 HO
 EXCITER SUPERVISION - 2

 Quadrature axis coil is used to monitor

indirectly the exciter output current.
 Rotor ground fault check to be done.

ACA - EXCIT - 46 / 72 HO
SPARES FOR BRUSHLESS SYSTEM

 Rotating diodes 12 nos.

 Rotating fuses 12 nos.
 R - C blocks 12 nos.
 Functional modules for Auto & Manual
channels. Follow up unit 1 each
 Thyristor bridg assembly 1 no.
 De-exciting breaker 1 no.
 Exciter bearing 1 no.
ACA - EXCIT - 47 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM: GENERAL
BY S. K. KHURANA IN WORKSHOP ON O & M, BHEL 1988

 Responses are very fast, around 40 milli sec.

Being static system, needs low maintenance.
 Very fast de-excitation achieved by invertor
action. The power stage i.e. thyristors can be
interchanged during running condition.
 Rectifier transformer is of dry type with
epoxy resin cast coils.
 Ambient temp. in regulation cubicles <40°C.
ACA - EXCIT - 49 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION - MAINTENANCE

 If regulation cubicle is placed in A/C and

dust free enclosure, performance greatly
improves. Thyristors are sensitive to dust
and coal particles accumulation.
 During operation, check AC, DC supply to
panel. Check pulses of auto and manual
channel with respect to pulse amplitude,
pulse sequence etc. There to be no spurious
spike in pulse chain.
ACA - EXCIT - 50 / 72
 STATIC EXCITN. MAINTENANCE - 2
 Check for follow up action,see for matching of
pulses by comparison voltmeter reading which
shows zero reading. Check output of AVR
limiters, ensure their healthiness.
Carry out above checks once a week & record.
 Make following checks during shut downs:
 Operation of CT shorting micro switches.
 Health of voltage relay & input filter circuit.

 Clean manual & auto pot motors’commutator.

Undercut mica segments if required. ACA - EXCIT - 51/72
 STATIC EXCITN. MAINTENANCE - 3
 Tighten all terminal connections on terminal
blocks, relays, modules etc.
 For field breaker, check various clearances
and adjust to specified values. Contact
surfaces of both main and discharge contacts
be checked. In case of pitting, remove and
take carbon paper prints.
 Timing of contacts be recorded with UV
recorder and compared with original values.
ACA - EXCIT - 52 / 72
 STATIC EXCITN.- MAINTENANCE - 4
 During operation,measure mV drop across the
fuse connected in series with thyristor w.r.t.
current shared by the bridge. Compare results.
mV drop for all six fuses in a bridge should be
almost same. Permissible variation is ± 15%
from average value.
 Current in the bridges should be comparable -
within ± 15% of average value.
 Check for presence and healthiness of pulses
at the gate of thyristors.
ACA - EXCIT - 53 / 72
STATIC EXCITN.- MAINTENANCE - 5

 During shut down, remove all thyristors

from panels, clean and put them back using
contact grease at live mating surfaces.
Check tightness of all bolted joints and TBs
 Check cooling fan starting and running
currents. Check operation of isolator micro
switches and correct if required.

ACA - EXCIT - 54 / 72
STATIC EXCITN.- MAINTENANCE - 6

 Maintain emergency spares like : Pulse

generating unit, Pulse intermediate stage,
Voltage relay, Filter circuit, Potentiometer
assembly, Thyristor fuses, 45 pin female
connector and Field breaker closing and
tripping coils etc etc.

ACA - EXCIT - 55 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
BHEL EDN-90-653-018

 Excitation power from generator via excitn.

transformer and converter to rotor through
field breaker.
 Excitation built up from battery/aux mains,
and automatically disconnected when 70%
generator voltage achieved.
 Converter is split into several groups/blocks
Each block has its own pulse output stage
cooling fan and monitoring system. EXCIT - 56 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 2

 Failure of one block gives alarm without

interrupting normal operation. Failure of 2nd
block causes limitation to output/disconection
 Voltage is controlled by two channels.
 In automatic channel having voltage regulator
UN 2010, voltage value is processed and
compared with reference value.PID amplifiers
in AVR with adjustable gain & time constant
permit to stabilize control circuit easily.
EXCIT - 57 / 72
…CONTINUED
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 3
Control voltage output of UN 2010 is
controlled by output signal limiter before it is
fed to the unitrol control set.
 Four limiters operate in parallel to the
voltage regulator :
 Excitation current limiter UN 1024 prevents
thermal overloading of rotor by lowering
output value of voltage regulator with a
delay and thus the field current.
EXCIT - 58 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 4

 Effect of load angle limiter UN1043

is reverse, since it increases field voltage
instantaneously for increased excitation,
thus preventing generator from falling
out of step.
Measuring transducer UN0022 & under
excitation regulator XZ9302 wherever
provided, works for second load angle.
EXCIT - 59 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 5

 Statorcurrent limiters UN0093, UN0027

effect increase / decrease of field voltage
depending upon over or under excited
operation and limit stator current.

ACA - EXCIT - 60 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION CIRCUIT
THW - 210 TYPE TG
RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER
2500 KVA 15.75 KV/575V DYN 5
TY1
AVR ~
=
TY2
AUTO
FCB CEX 3000 MANU
TY3
1200V 3000A ~
=
COIL 220V DC
TY4

NO LOAD 917A, 95 V
FULL LOAD 2500A, 300 V
5 KVA 415 / 35V
220 V BATTERY A. C. ARON
EXCIT - 61 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 6

A supplementary signal acting on AVR is

supplied from stabilizer equipment. Later
serves to dampen active power oscillations.
 Gate control set 1001 with subsequent line
driver 0082 and intermediate pulse-stage 0096
is duplicated for both auto & manual channels.
In manual channel, it is directly controlled
from a digital reference value unit whereas in
auto, it is controlled by AVR.
ACA - EXCIT - 62 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 7
 Manual channel should be used only when
auto channel fails or in emergency.
 Since redundancy is fully effective only if
monitored, pulse monitor 0053 is connected
to output of gate control set in both channels.
If pulse failure is recorded by 0053 of auto,
automatic transfer to manual channel occurs.
If failure of manual channel is recorded,
alarm gets initiated in control room.
ACA - EXCIT - 63 / 72
 To avoid surges on changeover, pulse
position of both channels is compared in
‘Pulse comparing stage 0040’ for manual
channel follow up. Matching is effected with
a follow up control device with 0016 & 0510
directly acting on manual potentiometer.
 Each converter block has its own pulse final
output stage 0097. Here they are further
amplified for firing thyristors. If one block
fails, pulses are blocked in corresponding
final stage.
ACA - EXCIT - 64 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 9

 Power supply from AC/DC converters and

from station battery in case of DC / DC
converter supply. There are two supplies to
both auto and manual channels. Besides
this each pulse final output stage is provided
with its own power pack 0098.
 Control & protection are supplied from station
battery as well as from station AC aux supply.

ACA - EXCIT - 65 / 72
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM - 10

 Over voltage protection in the field circuit is

provided.
 Protection of excitation transformer is by:
 Overcurrent relay CTU62 with instant trip
 Overcurrent relay CTU62 with delayed trip
 Temperature monitoring unit.

ACA - EXCIT - 66 / 72
 EXCITATION SYSTEM AT KORBA
BY P R DAHAKE & B P NANDA OF NTPC KORBA 1985

 Field breaker got tripped on Cl. A while

field flashing. Instant over-current relay
of excitation transformer operated and
field discharge resistance got burnt.
 1 pole of breaker not latching properly
after repeated operations. Instead of
falling back fully while unlatched, it was
staying in a partially closed position.
ACA - EXCIT - 67 / 72
EXCITATION SYSTEM AT KORBA - 2
BY P R DAHAKE & B P NANDA OF NTPC KORBA 1985

 As a result, make before break contact

of faulty pole remained closed,extended
supply to resistor which got burnt.
 Tie rod between two poles removed and
latching mechanism adjusted for proper
closure.
 Top pole not latching on trip command.
Latch mechanism was ground and gaps
and clearances were adjusted.
ACA - EXCIT - 68 / 72
 EXCITATION SYSTEM AT KORBA - 3
BY P R DAHAKE & B P NANDA OF NTPC KORBA 1985

 Itwas‘established’ that system is prone

to vibrations. Shock absorbing pads
recommended below the cubicles.
 Regulation cubicle to be inside a.c.
chamber to prevent mal-operation of
solid state controls. Excitation room to
be air pressurized. Once in 2-3 months
all thyristor blocks be cleaned.
ACA - EXCIT - 69 / 72
 EXCITATION SYSTEM AT KORBA - 4
BY P R DAHAKE & B P NANDA OF NTPC KORBA 1985

 Recommended to carry out load test of

thyristor bridges to highest possible
current during commissioning. Check
tightness of connections and DC control
logics at regular intervals.

ACA - EXCIT - 70 / 72
 EXCITATION SYSTEM AT SSTPS
BY B N OJHA & V K AGARWAL OF NTPC SINGRAULI 1985

 Temp. rise of rectifier transformer was

high. Cooling fan with duct installed.
 In regulation cubicle, a tier fan rack is
situated between control unitrols to
provide circulation of air for electronics.
 The tier fans were failing which in turn
led to high failures of grid control unitrol
UN 1001,pulse rectifier unitrol UN 2004
Tier fans replaced by better ones. 71/72 END
 GOOD BYE !

AFSHA REHMANI
CLASS 5