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 What is creativity
-

 - How to be creative
 - Research in Creativity vs Creativity in Research
 - Application of Creativity and Innovation in research
 - The crucial importance of Research topic - Applying creativity in
generating research topic
 - The importance of Problem statement - Applying Creativity and Innovation
in formulating problem statement
 - The conceptual model and the variables in research - Applying creativity
in generating and determining the dependent, independents and
mediating variables
 - The research method - Applying creativity in determining the innovative
research method
 - The presentation of research findings - Creativity in presenting the
research findings
THINKING IS THE HUMAN PROCESS OF USING KNOWLEDGE
AND INFORMATION TO MAKE PLANS, INTERPRET AND
MODEL THE WORLD, AND CONSTRUCTIVELY INTERACT WITH
AND MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE WORLD IN GENERAL.

Definition of thinking
Psychology Glossary
BRIEFLY SPEAKING, WE MIGHT DEFINE LOGIC AS THE STUDY OF THE
PRINCIPLES OF CORRECT REASONING.
LOGIC IS A PROPER OR REASONABLE WAY OF THINKING ABOUT OR
UNDERSTANDING SOMETHING. : A PARTICULAR WAY OF THINKING ABOUT
SOMETHING. : THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE FORMAL PROCESSES USED IN
THINKING AND REASONING.
Definition of LOGIC
MerriAm Webster
RIGOROUS MEANS MAKING YOUR BEST EFFORT TO ENSURE THAT SOLUTIONS ARE DEVELOPED
THROUGH AN ADEQUATE COMBINATION OF REASON, LOGIC AND AVAILABLE INFORMATION. THE
POWER OF RIGOROUS THINKING CAN BE FOUND IN THE QUALITY OF THE RESULTS FROM OUR
DECISIONS MADE AND OUR ACTIONS TAKEN. WITH RIGOROUS THINKING WE CAN EXPECT THAT
OUR CONCLUSIONS WILL BE ACCURATE GIVEN THE PURPOSE OF THE EXERCISE, THE RESOURCES
WE HAVE AVAILABLE AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR EFFORTS.

Rigorous thinking
FOR STATISTICS, A TEST IS CLAIMED AS ROBUST IF IT STILL PROVIDES INSIGHT TO A
PROBLEM DESPITE HAVING ITS ASSUMPTIONS ALTERED OR VIOLATED, AND IN ECONOMICS,
ROBUSTNESS IS ATTRIBUTED TO FINANCIAL MARKETS THAT CONTINUE TO PERFORM DESPITE
ALTERATIONS IN MARKET CONDITIONS. IN GENERAL, BEING ROBUST MEANS A SYSTEM CAN
HANDLE VARIABILITY AND REMAIN EFFECTIVE.

Robust definition
Investopedia
A WAY OF LOOKING AT PROBLEMS OR SITUATIONS FROM A FRESH
PERSPECTIVE THAT SUGGESTS UNORTHODOX SOLUTIONS (WHICH
MAY LOOK UNSETTLING AT FIRST).
CREATIVE THINKING CAN BE STIMULATED BOTH BY AN
UNSTRUCTURED PROCESS SUCH AS BRAINSTORMING, AND BY A
STRUCTURED PROCESS SUCH AS LATERAL THINKING
Definition of creativity
Business Dictionary
CREATIVITY, INVENTION AND INNOVATION
Creativity Logical Thinking

Invention Innovation
 A PhD research must make a “significant original contribution to knowledge.”
 On the face of it, the idea seems simple enough: create something new, establish a
niche for oneself, further science and add some important piece to the sum of human
understanding. And yet, there is little to no consensus as to what exactly this phrase
means
 a thesis will be built on other people’s work in a rigorous, precise way and is not
expected to lead to an immediate and fundamental paradigm shift in the field.
 significant original contribution emerges from small gaps within saturated research
areas
 researcher can accomplish this in many ways, for example, by creating a synthesis, by
providing a single original technique, or by testing existing knowledge in an original
manner. Although the thesis has to be innovative, this doesn’t necessarily mean
revolutionizing the existing discourse;
 thesis has to be innovative, this doesn’t necessarily mean revolutionizing the
existing discourse
 there is also value in adding new perspectives.
 students must resist becoming wrapped up in what they’re looking at in the
moment and thus forgetting the big picture. This is especially true for people
writing manuscript-style theses in the natural sciences, which represent
many small parts of an overarching idea and contribution
 YOUR RESERCH AREA IS YOUR FIRST CONTRIBUTION - using your area or case study as
a major contribution to knowledge.
 YOUR research METHODS CAN BE A CONTRIBUTION - data collection method, sample
size, data analysis can be changed to tackle the same problem in-order to bring out a unique
study.
 SOLVING TRENDING ISSUES - Your ability to solve trending or new issues in the society is
an added advantage to you.
 DEVELOPING A UNIQUE APPROACH/MODE - using a different approach to solving an
identified problem. New models, conceptual frameworks/concepts and hypotheses that are
valid and result oriented will definitely add to existing knowledge on the subject matter.
 Not Enough Written About the Topic. Almost all researchers want to add to the research about
the topic of their research. This means increasing the empirical evidence reported in the
literature about the phenomenon studied.
 No Good or Highly Contested Explanations and/or Inadequate Evidence to Decide Which
One(s) are Valid. The second component of the body of knowledge is deals with how well we
understand and can explain why the phenomenon occurs and how confident we are that the
evidence we have is valid and reliable
 Theoretical Development. Theories are logically consistent explanations of the relationships
(linkages) between well-defined components (constructs). Sometimes the author wants to
explore linkages in the theory that are not clear. For example, the strength of the linkage
between attitudes (behavioral beliefs) and decisions to change behavior in the theory of
planned behavior is not at all clear. Some studies show a strong effect of attitude on behavior.
WHAT IS
THINKING
 THINKING ARRANGES AND REARRANGES
PERCEPTION AND EXPERIENCE SO THAT WE MAY
HAVE A CLEARER VIEW OF THINGS.
 THE JOB OF THINKING IS TO CLARIFY
PERCEPTION.
LOGIC BUBBLE AND THINKING PARADIGM
EGO
EGO
LIFE CULTURE
WAY OF LIFE
BASIC PERCEPTION
NORMS
REGULATION
EGO

EGO
 Thinking must be done in two stages - in running sequence
 The two stages in thinking are :
 Divergent thinking – exploratory thinking
 Convergent thinking – focus and judgmental thinking
 We tend to short cut thinking and jump into the second phase –
judgmental
 There is only two possible view – right or wrong
 Anything that does not fit the logic base is wrong.
 Hence we will only accept anything that fit to our logic base
 As long as you are relying on your ‘logic base’, you are really
a ‘rock logic’ thinker
 once you are willing to explore and jump over the logic wall,
you become ‘fluid logic’
 fluid logic mean you are 90% logic but at time you are
willing to engage your ‘reverse gear’ to think creatively
THINKING WITHIN THE BOX
CRAMP IN THE BOX ?
THE PARADOX IN CREATIVE THINKING
• All creative ideas are good ideas
- This is the basic spirit in Creative thinking
– accept anything that is new as good

• Hence all new ideas are good ideas


- all creative ideas are good ideas

•All new ideas are wrong ideas


– because they do not fit to the existing logic base
– because we have never heard of it before
– and hence we have never accepted it before

THE PARADOX :
CREATIVE IDEAS = NEW IDEAS = WRONG IDEAS
Hence ALL NEW IDEAS MUST BE = WRONG IDEAS
 FIRST STEP IN TEACHING THINKING
MUST BE TO PROVIDE A BY-PASS TO
THIS ‘INSTANT JUDGEMENT’ BY
REQUIRING THE THINKER TO DIRECT
ATTENTION TO ALL THE RELEVANT
AND ‘INTERESTING POINTS’ IN THE
SITUATION.
THINKING AND EGO
 OUR THOUGHTS ARE MORE CENTRAL TO OUR EGO THAN ALL OF
THESE.
 THE EGO AND THINKING ARE ALMOST INEXTRICABLY INTER-TWINED.
 UP TO THE AGE OF TEN OR ELEVEN A CHILD’S EGO IS SEPARABLE FROM HIS
THINKING.
 HE ENJOYS THINKING.
 HE ENJOYS PLAYING WITH IDEAS.
 AFTER THE AGE OF ELEVEN THINKING BECOMES VERY MUCH PART OF THE EGO
AND SELF-IMAGE.
 A PERSON IS AS GOOD AS HIS THINKING.
 HIS STATUS AT SCHOOL AND HIS SOCIAL STANDING DEPEND ON HIS THINKING.
 ONE OF THE MAIN PURPOSES OF TEACHING THINKING IS
TO TRY TO BREAK THIS DEADLOCK AND GET PUPILS TO
LOOK OBJECTIVELY AT THEIR THINKING.
 THE NEED TO SHINE AND TO PRESERVE STATUS IS
IMPORTANT.
 THE NEED TO BE RIGHT ALL THE TIME AND THE FEAR OF
BEING WRONG ALSO DISTORTS THINKING IN FAVOUR OF
THE EGO.
ERRORS IN
THINKING
 COMPUTER WILL ONLY GIVE ANSWERS
THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE DATA.
IT HAS BEEN GIVEN AND THE
PROGRAMME IT IS USING.
 IN PRACTICAL LIFE VERY FEW ERRORS
IN THINKING ARE LOGICAL ERRORS.
1. PARTIALISM
 THE MAJOR ERROR IN THINKING
 IT IS PURE ERROR OF PERCEPTION
 LOOKING AT ONLY PART OF THE
SITUATION AND BASING HIS
ARGUMENT ON THAT PART.
2. TIME-SCALE

 A PERSON LOOKS AT A NARROW SLICE OF TIME


(USUALLY THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE).
 INSIST THAT THE THINKER SHOULD BE ABLE TO
EXTEND HIS PERCEPTION OVER THE WHOLE
TIME-SCALE AND THEN HAVING DONE THIS
CHOOSE WHICH TIME-SCALE HE WISHES TO
APPLY TO THIS SITUATION.
3. EGOCENTRICITY

 NARROW-BAND THINKING OR TUNNEL VISION IS USUALLY


BASED ON EGOCENTRICITY.
 THEY SEE A SITUATION ONLY IN TERMS OF HOW IT AFFECTS
THEM PERSONALLY
 EGOCENTRIC PARTIAL PERCEPTION IS WRONG IN TERMS OF
THINKING SKILL.
 TO BE UNABLE TO SEE FURTHER IS JUST POOR THINKING.
4. ARROGANCE AND CONCEIT
 CONCEIT ERROR ARISES WHEN THERE IS AN APPARENTLY LOGICAL
EXPLANATION FOR SOMETHING AND THIS IS THEN TAKEN TO BE THE
RIGHT EXPLANATION.
 CALLED THIS ERROR THE “VILLAGE VENUS EFFECT”, ON THE BASIC
THAT IN A REMOTE VILLAGE THE PRETTIEST GIRL WOULD BE
CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST BEAUTIFUL GIRL IN THE WORLD.
 IT DOES NOT SEEM TO BE AN ERROR AT ALL.
 THERE IS USUALLY AN APPARENTLY LOGICAL WAY OF COPING.
5. INITIAL JUDGEMENT
 SECOND MAJOR SOURCE OF ERROR IN THINKING.
 MAKES AN INITIAL JUDGEMENT, USES HIS THINKING SKILLS AND
LOGICAL POWERS TO BACK HIS INITIAL JUDGEMENT.
 THINKING IS NOT USED TO EXPLORE THE SITUATION.
 EXPLORATION OPENS UP PERCEPTION WHEREAS LOGICAL SUPPORT
CLOSES IT DOWN BY ESCHEWING THOSE AREAS WHICH DO NOT
OFFER THE REQUIRED SUPPORT.
 THINKING LESSONS IS CONCERNED WITH PROVIDING A BYPASS TO
JUDGEMENT.
6. ADVERSARY THINKING
 POLITICIAN WILL STRIVE TOWARD WHAT IS DIFFERENT IN
HIS POSITION FROM HIS OPPONENTS’, RATHER THAN MOVE
TOWARDS WHAT IS MUTUALLY AGREED.
 THIS MAKES FOR POLARIZATION.
 IT IS SUPREME ARROGANCE TO ASSUME THAT
THERE ARE ONLY TWO SHARPLY POLARIZED,
POSITIONS ON AN ISSUE AND THT IF ONE IS WRONG
THE OTHER MUST BE RIGHT.
7. EGO-INVOLVEMENT
 WE NORMALLY REGARD LOGIC AS A WAY OF PROCESSING OUR
PERCEPTIONS AND EXTRACTING THE FULL IMPLICATIONS FROM
THEM.
 WE FAIL TO NOTICE THAT IN MANY SITUATIONS, SUCH AS EGO-
SUPPORT, THE LOGICAL, STRUCTURE COMES FIRST AND
PERCEPTIONS ARE TAILORED TO FIT THE STRUCTURE
 WE FAIL TO NOTICE THAT IN MANY SITUATIONS, SUCH AS EGO-
SUPPORT, THE LOGICAL, STRUCTURE COMES FIRST AND
PERCEPTIONS ARE TAILORED TO FIT THE STRUCTURE.
8. MAGNITUDE ERROR

 TRADITIONAL LOGICAL SYSTEMS HAVE


GREAT DIFFICULTY IN DEALING WITH
MAGNITUDE, BECAUSE LANGUAGE
DEALS WITH THE NATURE OF SOMETHING
RATHER THAN ITS SIZE.
9. EXTREMES
 THE EXTREMES HABITS ARISES FROM OUR CUSTOM
OF DEALING WITH ABSOLUTE CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS.
 PEOPLE HAVE LEARNED NOT TO USE THEIR
IMAGINATIONS AND CONSEQUENTLY THIS FACILITY
HAS DIMINISHED.
 IMAGERY IS A NATURAL FEATURE OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM AND IT CAN SOON BE RE-LEARNED.
A SOFT TOUCH
DOWN
INTO CREATIVITY
INTRODUCTION INTO
CREATIVITY
FAST MAY NOT NECESSARILY BE SUPERIOR

HIGH IQ COULD ACTUALLY MAKE US HANDICAPPED IN


THINKING
‘SLOW IS BEAUTIFUL’ - THE SNAIL CAN BE SUPERIOR
 think innocent, act innocent by ignoring your prior
knowledge
 think stupid and purposely make mistake in
thinking
 creativity is about making mistake in thinking
 The motto in creative thinking is ‘ dare to be wrong’
 willingness to start with a wrong idea
 wrong idea can be a good idea in itself or at least it is a
stepping stone toward a great ideas
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE
IN CREATIVE
THINKING

THE STEP BY STEP


APPROACH TO
CREATIVE THINKING
TECHNIQUE
BASIC RULES IN CREATIVE THINKING
1. BE IMAGINATIVE - PROMOTE IMAGINATION
2. HAVE INITIATIVE TO PROVOKE YOUR MIND BY ‘THINKING
WRONG’
3. DEFER JUDGEMENT - BETTER STILL BY-PASS JUDGEMENT
4. USE MOVEMENT IN THINKING - ALL THE TIME
BASIC CREATIVE METHOD
MOMENT TO
MOMENT
REVERSE PROVOCATION
ENGINEERING POSITIVE
MOVEMENT ASPECT
PO: ESCAPE
PO:STEPPING STONE - THE
1. REVERSAL METHOD DIFFERENCES
2. DISTORTION METHOD
3. EXAGGERATION BASIC
4. WISHFUL THINKING PRINCIPLE
5. RANDOM JUXTAPOSITION
INTERESTING
ASPECT
PROVOCATION
- EINSTEIN USED TO CARRY OUT WHAT HE CALLED “THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS.”
- WHAT WOULD I SEE IF I WERE TRAVELLING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT ?”
- PROVOCATION HAS EVERYTHING TO DO WITH EXPERIMENTS IN THE MIND.
- MANY IMPORTANT NEW IDEAS CAME ABOUT THROUGH CHANCE, ACCIDENT,
MISTAKE, OR “MADNESS.” ALL THESE PROVIDED A SORT OF DISCONTINUITY,
WHICH FORCED US OUTSIDE THE USUAL BOUNDARIES OF LOGIC.
- REASONABLENESS” THAT HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED BY OUR EXPERIENCE. WITH
DELIBERATE PROVOCATION WE HAVE A SYSTEMATIC METHOD THAT CAN
PRODUCE THE SAME EFFECTS.
- WE USE THE SYMBOLIC WORD “PO” TO INDICATE THAT
THIS IS INTENDED AS A PROVOCATION AND NOT AS A
SERIOUS SUGGESTION.
- THE DEFINITION OF A PROVOCATION IS SIMPLE.
- WITH A PROVOCATION THERE MAY NOT BE A REASON
FOR SAYING SOMETHING UNTIL AFTER IT HAS BEEN
SAID.
- IN PROVOCATION WE MOVE FROM THE STARTING
POINT TO AN ARBITRARY PROVOCATION.
- THEN WE “MOVE” ON FROM THE PROVOCATION TO AN IDEA
OR CONCEPT.
- THE PURPOSE OF THE PROVOCATION IS PRECISELY TO GET
US OUT OF THE USUAL MAINTRACK. FROM THE
PROVOCATION
- WE MOVE ON TO FIND A NEW POINT WHICH IN HINDSIGHT
SEEMS TO OFFER VALUE.
- IT IS THE ESCAPE FROM THE ESTABLISHED MAIN TRACK
THAT IS SO IMPORTANT.
- WE NEED WAYS OF GETTING OUT OF THOSE MAIN TRACKS IN
ORDER TO BE CREATIVE.
- THAT IS WHY PROVOCATION PLAYS SO CENTRAL . A ROLE IN
LATERAL THINKING.
- A PROVOCATION ALSO PROVIDED US WITH A NOVEL FRAMEWORK
FOR LOOKING AT THINGS. BUT A PROVOCATION GOES MUCH
BEYOND A HYPOTHESIS.
- A HYPOTHESIS TRIES TO BE REASONABLE.
- A PROVOCATION USUALLY TRIES TO BE “UNREASONABLE” IN
ORDER TO JERK OUR THINKING OUT OF ITS USUAL CHANNELS.
- BOTH HYPOTHESIS AND PROVOCATION SEEK TO
CHANGE OUR PERCEPTIONS.
- BOTH HYPOTHESIS AND PROVOCATION SEEK TO
CHANGE OUR PERCEPTIONS.
- A HYPOTHESIS SEEKS TO GUIDE OUR PERCEPTIONS
IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION.
- A PROVOCATION SEEKS TO TAKE OUR PERCEPTIONS
AWAY FROM THEIR USUAL DIRECTION.
- FORMAL AND DELIBERATE TECHNIQUE OF
PROVOCATION IS A TWO STAGE PROCESS.
- THE FIRST STAGE INVOLVES THE SETTING UP
OF THE PROVOCATION.
- THE SECOND STAGE INVOLVES THE USE OF
THE PROVOCATION TO MOVE FORWARD TO A
USEFUL NEW IDEA.
MOVEMENT
- MOVEMENT IS AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT MENTAL OPERATION.
- IT IS CENTRAL TO THE WHOLE OF CREATIVITY. IN JUDGEMENT, WHEN
WE COME TO AN IDEA WE
COMPARE THE IDEA WITH OUR EXISTING PATTERNS OF EXPERIENCE.
- IF THE IDEA DOES NOT FIT, WE REJECT THE IDEA.
- THAT IS GOOD BLACK HAT THINKING
- IN MOVEMENT, WE COME TO AN IDEA AND WE ARE TOTALLY
UNINTERESTED IN WHETHER THE IDEA IS RIGHT OR
WRONG OR WHETHER IT FITS OUR EXPERIENCE.
- WE SOLELY INTERESTED IN WHERE WE CAN “MOVE” TO
FROM THE IDEA.
- WE SEEK TO MOVE FORWARD.
- JUDGEMENT IS STATIC AND IS CONCERNED WITH “IS” AND
“IS NOT”.
- JUDGEMENT IS PART OF TRADITIONAL ROCK LOGIC.
- MOVEMENT IS FLUID AND IS
CONCERNED WITH “TO” : WHERE
DOES THIS LEAD TO ?
- MOVEMENT IS PART OF WATER
LOGIC WITH ITS FLOW AND FLUIDITY.
THE USE OF “MOVEMENT”
- THE USE OF MOVEMENT WITH PROVOCATION IS THE MOST
EXTREME FORM OF MOVEMENT.
- HOW DO WE MOVE FORWARD FROM AN “IMPORTANT”
PROVOCATION TO SOMETHING USEFUL ?
- THE GENERAL SENSE OF “IMPORTANT” MEANS THE
WILLINGNESS TO MOVE FORWARD IN A POSITIVE
EXPLORING WAY RATHER THAN STOPPING TO JUDGE
WHETHER SOMETHING IS RIGHT OR WRONG.
THE USE OF “MOVEMENT”
- INTERESTED IN WHAT THE
STATEMENT LEADS TO.
- TWO BROAD WAYS OF USING
MOVEMENT : GENERAL ATTITUDE
AND SYSTEMATIC TECHNIQUES.
CREATIVE RESEARCH IN
DISCOVERING RESEARCH TOPICS
- THE CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH TOPIC
 Applying creativity in generating research topic
 think wrong in coming up with research topic
 switch the dependent with the independent and
mediating variables
 change the relationship of the variables
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROBLEM STATEMENT

 Applying Creativity and Innovation in formulating


problem statement
 develop your curiosity with passion
 rationalize the feasible contribution
 think of a creative research method
 build a far fetch research discovery
THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND THE
VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
 Applying creativity in generating and determining the
dependent, independents and mediating variables
 be open minded to explore
 which variable should affect what variable
 what other possible relationship between variables
 What other variables can be introduced in
THE RESEARCH METHOD
-Applying creativity in determining the innovative research
method
 list all possible research method
 can we introduce a new research method ? – borrow from other
discipline
 can we vary the sequence and timing
 can we think of possible triangulation approach
THE PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH
FINDINGS
 Creativity in presenting the research findings
 All the possible format of reporting the findings
 Can there be another way of reporting the findings ?
 can there be a different presentation of the findings ?
 Can there be different target groups in reporting of the
findings ?
 what not to be reported in the findings ?
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION
 Basic research in ‘Finance’
 Reverse Engineering :
 The element of finance :
 Fund - Money
 Financial system
 Finance companies and banks
 Capital providers - Depositors
 Borrowers
 Bankers
 Traders

12/06/10
 The escape :
 Po: Financial system without fund
 The movement :
 Moment to moment –
 Bank doing business without any fund
 The possibilities :
 Bank selling promises
 Bank selling hope
 Bank selling information
 Bank selling the future

12/06/10
 New ideas that can be harvested :
 research to explore new products for the banking
and financial sector
 research to explore new banking institutions forms
and functions
 research to explore new profession in banking and
finance industries
 research to explore new paradigm in banking and
finance

12/06/10

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