ESS – II

SECTION-3
WATER SUPPLY & DRAINAGE

Contact hrs.- 16
Internal wt.- 60 marks
External wt.- 40 marks
REFERENCE
 Building services & equipment : drainage & water supply -
by Ar. Shubhangi Bhide

 Indian practical civil engineer’s handbook – by P.N.Khanna

 Plumbing engineering – by Dr. A.D.Patwardhan

 Water supply & sanitary installation – by A.C.Panchdhari

 Plumbing engineering – by Subhash Patil

 Manual on water supply & treatment – by Govt. Publication

 Water supply, waste disposal & environment engineering –

by A.K.Chatterjee

 National building code of India - by Govt. Publication

CONTENT
 Water

 Availability of water - water cycle

 Source of water – medium of water

 Quality of water for potable usage

 Water borne & caused diseases

 Type of water

 Water related purification / treatment

 Water related system

 Water requirement as per activity

WATER
 Liquid, compound of oxygen and hydrogen [H2O]

 Colour less, taste less, odor less, shape less

 Fluid, flowing, dynamic, dependant of confine ness, easy to

alter shape/state

 Forming rain, snow, ice, vapour, fog, dew

 Major component of living organisms

AVAILABILITY OF WATER - WATER CYCLE
SOURCE OF WATER
 System – rain (water, snow)

 Change of state – temperature, pressure, wind’s

velocity
(Snow / ice-melting, vapour-condensation)

 Surface water & ground water

 Storage
 S.W.-Natural : ocean, sea, river, rivulet, lake, pond, spring
 S.W.-Manmade : reservoir, dam, check-dam, tank
 G.W.-Natural : aquifer
 G.W.- Manmade : well, tube-well, step-well, tank
QUALITY OF WATER FOR POTABLE USAGE
 Crystal clear

 Colour less, taste less, odor less

 Free from all suspended, soluble, colloidal impurities of both

organic & inorganic nature

 Free from sediments like clay, dust

 Free from pathogenic organisms like bacteria, algae

 Free from radio-active substance like radium, uranium

 Free from phenolic compounds like chloride, fluoride, iodine

 Free from hardness compounds like calcium, magnesium,

sulphate

 Free from metal compounds like iron, manganese, lead, arsenic

W.H.O.’S STANDARDS FOR POTABLE WATER QUALITY
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
CHARACTERISTICS
HIGHEST DESIRABLE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL
pH value 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2
Total Dissolved Solids 500 1500
(mg/l)
Total hardness (mg/l) 100.0 500.0
Turbidity (mg/l) 5.0 25.00
Taste and Odor Nothing Disagreeable
Color (Pt Scale) 5.00 50.00
Magnesium (mg/l) 30.0 150.0
Iron (Fe) (mg/l) 0.1 1.0
Manganese (mg/l) 0.05 0.5
Copper (mg/l) 0.05 1.0
Chloride (mg/l) 200.0 600.0
Sulphate (mg/l) 200.0 400.0
Phenolic substances 0.001 0.002
(mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l) 1.0 1.5
Nitrate (mg/l) 45 45
Zinc (mg/l) 5.0 15.0
Arsenic (mg/l) - 0.05
Cyanide (mg/l) - 0.05
Lead (mg/l) - 0.10
Selenium (mg/l) - 0.01
WATER BORNE & CAUSED DISEASES
 Cholera

 Typhoid

 Traveler's diarrhea

 Lepto-spirosis

 Jaundice

 Infectious hepatitis

 Worm diseases

 Gold bladder & kidney stone

 Swimmer’s itch
TYPES OF WATER
 Surface water
 Ground water
 Rain water
 Strom water
 Re-cycled water

 Before use… (for human-beings)

 Distil / sterile (for remedial purpose)
 Potable (for drinking / cooking purpose)
 Usable (for bathing domestic purpose)
 Non-usable (usable for industrial / agricultural / cleaning / house-
keeping purpose)
 Waste / soil /effluent (usable for industrial / agricultural purpose)

 After use… (from human-beings at residence level)

 Wet refuse (from kitchen)
 Waste (from bath, washing court)
 Soil (from W.C., Urinal)
WATER RELATED PURIFICATION / TREATMENT
 Criteria for treatment
 Quality for water desired
 Cost of treatment (from existing quality to desired)
 Infrastructure
 Production / spread

 Treatment to make water - distil / sterile

 Sterilization

 Treatment to make water – potable

 Reverse osmosis
 Filtration : membrane, clay, screen
 UV light screening
 Chemical injection : dosage of ozone, chlorine, bleaching powder,
iodine, caustic lime

 Treatment to make water - usable

 Sedimentation
 Filtration : screening, cleaning
 Flocculation
WATER RELATED SYSTEM
 Criteria for system
 Type of water to carry
 Purpose of system
 OD of system (origin – destination)

 Supply system (for individual building)

 Potable water supply system
 Usable water supply system or plumbing system
 Hot / cold water supply system
 Supply for water based fire-fighting system
 Supply for water based HVAC system

 Clearance / discharge system (for individual building)

 Wet-refuse clearance / discharge system
 Waste water clearance / discharge system or drainage system
 Soil water clearance / discharge system or sewerage system
 Rain water clearance / discharge system
 Storm water clearance / discharge system
WATER RELATED SYSTEM
 Harvesting / purification system
 Rain water harvesting system
 Storm water harvesting system
 System to purify usable water as potable water
 System to purify rain water / storm water as usable water
 System to purify waste water as usable water
 System to purify soil water as usable water
 System to purify saline water as potable water
 System to purify saline water as usable water
WATER REQUIREMENT AS PER ACTIVITY
 Criteria for water requirement
 For domestic purpose…drinking, cooking, bathing, washing,
cleaning, flushing, gardening, air-cooling, etc
 For public purpose…street washing, flushing / cleaning of sewer,
watering of park / garden
 For special / occasional purpose…social function, fire-fighting
 For institutional purpose
 For commercial purpose
 For industrial purpose
 For agriculture purpose
 For livestock feeding
 For buffer stock

 General requirement at city level…

 Total…
 Domestic use…
 Commercial & industrial use…
 Public & institutional use…
 Fix demand & buffer…
 Miscellaneous & wastage…
100% - 200 liters/person/day
50% - 100 liters/person/day
15% - 30 liters/person/day
10% - 20 liters/person/day
05% - 10 liters/person/day
20% - 50 liters/person/day
WATER REQUIREMENT AS PER ACTIVITY
 Area per occupant (in sq.mt.)
 Residential… 12.5
 Educational… 4.0
 Institutional… 15.0
 Dormitory… 7.5
 Assembly… 0.6
 Dining… 1.5
 Shop on ground floor… 3.0
 Shop on upper floor… 6.0
 Office / industrial… 10.0
 Storage… 30.0

 Water requirement for domestic use (liters per person per day)
 Domestic (normal)… 135
 Domestic (ideal)… 200
 Drinking… 03
 Cooking & utensil washing… 14
 Bathing & cloth washing… 65
 Flushing of toilet / water closet (normal)…35
 Flushing of toilet / water closet (ideal)… 45
 Miscellaneous… 18
WATER REQUIREMENT AS PER ACTIVITY
 Water requirement for other use (liters per person per day)
 Industries with bathroom… 45
 Industries without bathroom… 30
 Hospital (up to 100 beds)…
340
 Hospital (more then 100 beds)… 450
 Hostel (per bed)… 135
 Hotel (per bed)… 180
 Office… 45
 Restaurant (per chair)… 70
 Cinema/theatre/auditorium/concert hall… 15
 Day school… 45
 Boarding school… 135
 Small railway/bus station (with bath)… 45
 Small railway/bus station (without bath)… 23
 Main railway/bus station (with bath)… 70
 Main railway/bus station (without bath)… 45
 Airport… 70