By Adi Rai

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Created 5th March 1970 and currently there are 189 states party to the treaty

Treaty "pillars"
First pillar: non-proliferation
 Agree not to transfer "nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices" and "not in any way to assist, encourage, or
induce" a non-nuclear weapon state (NNWS) to acquire nuclear weapons.
 Agree not to "receive," "manufacture" or "acquire" nuclear weapons or to "seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture
of nuclear weapons".
 Agree to accept safeguards by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to verify that they are not diverting nuclear
energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

Second pillar: disarmament

 The desire of treaty signatories to ease international tension and strengthen international trust so as to create someday the
conditions for a halt to the production of nuclear weapons, and treaty on general and complete disarmament that liquidates, in
particular, nuclear weapons and their delivery vehicles from national arsenals.

Third pillar: peaceful use of nuclear energy

 The third pillar allows for and agrees upon the transfer of nuclear technology and materials to NPT signatory countries for the
development of civilian nuclear energy programs in those countries, as long as they can demonstrate that their nuclear
programs are not being used for the development of nuclear weapons.
Signatories & non signatories of the Treaty

 Pretty Much Everyone Else has signed or has agreed to the NPT

 Non-signatory states: India , Israel,  Pakistan, *N. Korea* *Iran*

Amounts & Ranges
Amounts & Ranges
Amounts & Ranges
Amounts & Ranges
Amounts & Ranges

“
The current delivery systems of the U.S. makes
virtually any part of the Earth's surface within the reach
of its nuclear arsenal. Though its land-based missile
systems have a maximum range of 10,000 kilometers
(less than worldwide), its submarine-based forces
extend its reach from a coastline 12,000 kilometers
inland. Additionally, in-flight refueling of long-range
bombers and the use of aircraft carriers extends the
possible range virtually indefinitely.

”
Credibility of the Treaty
 It was
Is the NPT working?
 US vs Russia
 $685.1 billion official budget for 2010
 The 2009 U.S. military budget is almost as much
as the rest of the world's defense spending
combined and is over nine times larger than the
military budget of China
 A 3% rise from last year as Obama wins peace
prize
 The United States spent over $52 billion on
nuclear weapons and related programs in fiscal
year 2008, but only 10 percent of that went
toward preventing a nuclear attack through
slowing and reversing the proliferation of nuclear
weapons and technology.
The Worthy War On Terror
“Perhaps no single policy is more at odds with President (George W.) Bush's pledge to 'end
tyranny in our world' than the United States' role as the world's leading arms exporting
nation. All too often, U.S. arms transfers end up fueling conflict, arming human rights
abusers, or falling into the hands of U.S. adversaries.”

 The United States is the overall top supplier of weapons. The United States is also the top supplier of
weapons to the developing world, accounting for around 36% of worldwide weapons sales, followed by
the United Kingdom, Russia, Germany and China.
 The United States transfers more weapons and military services than any other country in the world,
according to the report. Between 1992 and 2003, the last year for which complete data are available, it
sold $177.5 billion in arms to foreign nations.
 In 2006, the United States agreed to sell $10.3 billion in weapons to the developing world, or 35.8
percent of these deals worldwide, according to the study.
 ''In 2003 alone, the Pentagon and State Department delivered or licensed the delivery of $5.7 billion in
weaponry to countries which can ill afford advanced weaponry--nations in the developing world
saddled with debt and struggling with poverty,'' the study says. In 2003, for example, $2.7 billion in
weaponry went to governments branded as ''undemocratic'' by the State Department.
The Bush Doctrine
Why?

When asked why

"should the United States spend massively on arms and China
refrain?"

Max Boot, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations,

provided a simple answer:
"we guarantee the security of the world, protect our allies, keep
critical sea-lanes open and lead the war on terror," while China
threatens others and "could ignite an arms race" -- actions
inconceivable for the United States.
The Issues.
 Why is it that the US feels the need to spend billions
of dollars on developing weapons?
 What is the need for a worldwide nuclear range & is
it necessary?
 How is it that the US after signing the NPT is able to
do exactly otherwise?
 i.e. keep producing & distributing nuclear weapons
 Why is the US able to “police the world” when other
countries want to improve defence/arms?