SuperNova / Acceleration Probe

(SNAP)

Electrical Power System

Atul
 Electrical Power System
Overview
 Overview
 Supporting Data
 Driving Requirements & Assumptions
 Options considered
 Selected Configuration & Rationale
 Technologies Required
 Requirements Verification
 Mass, Power, and Cost Summary
 Additional Trades to Consider
 Risk Assessment
 Issues and Concerns
 Back Up Charts

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 2
 Electrical Power System
Supporting Data

 Spacecraft Electrical Power System (EPS) consists of Solar Cells to

collect/convert electrical energy, a Battery to store energy for launch, peak
loads and eclipses. Electronics are used to regulate the solar array and
charge the battery.
 Solar Arrays
 Solar arrays provide electrical power for the spacecraft during the
sunlight and recharges the battery for electrical power during the eclipse.
 Triple Junction GaAs solar cells are used.
 Energy Storage
 Provides electrical power during launch
 Provides electrical power during eclipses
 Provides peak electrical power during sunlight as needed
 PSE (Power System Electronics)
 Provides Solar Array power Regulation
 Battery charge control
 Power switching and distribution

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 3
 Electrical Power System
Driving Requirements & Assumptions

 Launch: Dec 21 2008

 Orbit: 57 RE x 19 RE

 Life: 2 Years Minimum

5 years Goal
 Battery: Needed to provide Power during
eclipse
 Solar Array: Spacecraft rotation of +/-45 deg
during orbit cycle.
 Solar Array Temperature: 70 deg C

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 4
 Electrical Power System
Options Considered

 Battery Mass. Many different battery masses were calculated

based on changed in the load analysis. Many more traded can be
done in this area.

 Launch dated. Dec or June launches seam to be better than

March or Sept. The March and Sept have eclipse cycles during the
solar power min cycles.

 Solar Array height vs coverage. Solar Array required is 2.39 M^2

at a substrate level and to keep the temperature to 70 deg C will
require about 2.4 M^2 OSR’s (optical surface reflectors).
Heights Area
Two Quadrants 2.2 M 5.0 M^2
Four Quadrants 1.8 M 5.6 M^2
6 Quadrants 0.8 M 5.8 M^2
SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System
Goddard Space Flight Center Page 5
 Electrical Power System
Selected Configuration & Rationale

 Solar Array. Selected 2.47 M2 solar array area using Triple

Junction Gallium Arsinide (TJGaAs) solar cells to reduce solar
array area and weight.
 MAP type PSE. This PSE can be adapted easily for the
study phase.
 Battery. NiH2 IPV (individual Pressure Vessel) at 100 ah
this is a EPT stock item SAR-10093. Note a EPT SAR-
10063 may also work. The mass of either of these batteries
is 81 kg and further search for NiH2 SPV’s (Single Pressure
Vessel) and development of large ampere hour LiIon batteries
could provide a mass savings.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 6
 Electrical Power System
Technologies Required

 Selected 2.47 M2 solar array area using Triple Junction

Gallium Arsinide (TJGaAs) solar cells. This meets the
Science 3 year requirement.
 Impact on design. TJGaAs cells are available, however 28%
efficiency is a small risk.
 Alternatives: 26% efficient solar cells with increased solar array
area.
 Feedback to technology developer: Develop 28% efficient solar
cells.
 Battery will be 100 ah NiH2 IPV for the launch loads and
eclipse season loads.
 PSE will be a modification of the MAP PSE.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 7
 Electrical Power System
Requirements Verification

 Standard verification for PSE and Solar Array. A life test

should be done on the battery design to ensure it will meet
the cycle life requirement with normal eclipse seasons and
instrument turn-on shallow discharges.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 8
 Electrical Power System
Additional Trades to Consider

 Battery large size (mass & ah) is driven by the long eclipse
and eclipse load.
 Look at LiIon life development data. The size of this battery
is not presently being developed the capability of LiIon
technology, however this should be reviewed in the future and
may reduce the battery mass.
 Scrub the load analysis to reduce the battery ampere-hour
requirement. Scrubbing the launch power and eclipse power
in the load analysis may reduce the battery ah and mass.
 Continue to look at the Solar Array size vs Mission Life.
 Continue to look at number of S/A quadrants vs height.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 9
 Electrical Power System
Risk Assessment

 Solar Cell Efficiency of 28% is a short term risk.

 Solar panel production for 28% efficient cells is expected in the
fall of 2001. This risk should be retired at that time.
 This mission is not solar array limited and a fall back for this
risk is to baseline 26% efficient solar cells.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 10
 Electrical Power System
Issues and Concerns

 Battery Mass: Baseline NiH2 IPV for reduced risk and to

stretch the mass envelope. Need further work with reducing
the load analysis and trading other battery technologies like
the NiH2 SPV. Also should look at LiIon development for
large ah cells.
 Solar array trade for OSR, temperature and quadrants of
coverage vs height, mass and cost.

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 11
 Back Up Charts

SNAP Electrical Power System

June 28, 2001
 Load Analysis

Sn AP
5.0 Missio n Life in Ye a rs

No m in a l No m in a l Sa fe Ho ld
Mo d e Da y Mo d e Nig h t
EPS Lo a d Ite m De sc rip tio n Avg . Po we r Avg . Po w e r Po w e r in Pe a k La u nc h
Wa tts Wa tts Wa tts Po w e r Po w e r
Re q uire m e n
To ta l Po we r 522.4 267.0 430.6 957.8 321.4
Tim e Pe rio d O ve r Wh ic h
C o n ting e nc y
Ave ra g in g Is Do n e Fo r Ea c h
In st G lo b a l 20

In strum e nts w ith C o ntin g e n c y 102.0 12.0 84 162.0 20.4

C a m e ra 20.0 0.0 15.0 70.000 4.0

C o n tin g e n c y 20 4.0 0.0 3.0 14.000 0.8
Te le sc o p e 65.0 10.0 55.0 65.000 13.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 13.0 2.0 11.0 13.000 2.6
In strum e n t #3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
In strum e n t #4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
In strum e n t #5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
In strum e n t #6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.0

Sp a c e c ra ft Lo a d s w ith 420.4 255.0 346.6 795.8 301.0

Sp c ft G lo b a l 20

PSE Bo b B. 7.2 4.0 7.2 10.8 7.2

C o n tin g e n c y 20 1.4 0.8 1.4 2.2 1.4
Ele c tric a l - Ha rne ss Lo sse s BG B Est 5.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 5.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0
C o m m a n d & Da ta Ha n d lin g Te rry S. 30.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 6.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Da ta Re c o rd e r Te rry S. 103.0 0.0 20.6 154.5 20.6
C o n tin g e n c y 20 20.6 0.0 4.1 30.9 4.1
So la r Arra y Drive Mo to r n/a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
So la r Arra y Drive Ele c tro n ic s n/a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Attitud e C o n tro l Ap rille E. 89.1 77.0 88.0 193.4 110.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 17.8 15.4 17.6 38.7 22.0
C o m , K Ba n d Tra n sm e te r Ro n V. 61.0 20.0 61.0 64.0 61.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 12.2 4.0 12.2 12.8 12.2
C o m , S Ba n d Tra n sm e te r Ro n V. 9.0 8.0 9.0 41.0 9.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 1.8 1.6 1.8 8.2 1.8
C o m , Re c ie ve r Ire ne B. 8.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 8.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.6
Th e rm a l We s O . 38.0 78.0 60.0 150.0 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 7.6 15.6 12.0 30.0 0.0
Pro p ulsio n Estim a te 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
C o n tin g e n c y 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 13
 EPS Curve

S nAP Mis s io n Ove r 5 Yr Life With De plo yable Pane l; 28% Eff Ce lls ;
Ave rag e Lo ad During Day=522.396W; Ave rag e Lo ad During
Nig ht=267W

Daylight Average Solar Array Power Provided

Daylight Average Solar Array Power Required

700

600

500

400
0 365 730 1095 1460 1825

Mis s io n Time (Days )

SNAP June 28, 2001 Electrical Power System

Goddard Space Flight Center Page 14