Intensive Writing for

Academic Purpose
Lesson
VIII
 To put it more simple,
hence furthermore
All the same, therefore
However,
Nevertheless,
In other Consequently,
words,
because Yet,
Description: Process &
Procedure

Giving general
description (truth)

Passive Verb
Is/are + Verb stem + ed
To report a particular
procedure we are
concerned with only
one particular
occasion in the Past
Was/were + Verb stem
+ ed
1. State the purpose of
procedure.
2. State needed
ingredients.
3. State the procedure and
process.
4. State the result, advice
or suggestion you
propose.
How to make a cup of
coffee?
 1.Make, 2.prepare, 3.add,
4.filter, 5.create, 6.monitor,
7.take, 8.shape, 9.put,
10.analyze, 11.distribute,
12.use, 13.heat, 14.produce,
15.mix, 16.cut, 17.place,
18.pass, 19.remove, 20.dry,
21.refine, 22.press, 23.pack,
24.cook,
25.form, 26.transport, 27.set,
28.store, 29.separate 30.
conduct, 31. survey, 32.
collect, 33. publish, 34. carry
out, 35. request
 Verbs always
in active forms

Start, Begin, Finish,

Stop
 Look at your research paper.
Study a procedure you need to
go through. Have you
described it properly?
How to make a cup of
coffee?
 of Today

Specific Procedure
Definition
Exemplification
 II. Specific Procedure

% Students type of (average) (average)

writing frequency Length

52 Essay 5 per term 2000 words

34 Report 2 per term 4000 words

14 Dissertation 1 per year 8000 words

12 thesis 1 after 2-3 year 300-1000

pages
 Survey
A survey ….. among 50 students. First,
questionnaires …. to the students. Then, the
students ……. to write answers on questions. After
this the completed questionnaires …………. Next,
the answers …………. Finally, the results ……….

Verbs given: Request, collect, carry out, publish,

analyze, distribute
 Definition
Engineer
Botanist

Jasmine Frozen
  A. it produces electricity.
 An engineer is a  B. He studies the way in which
person industry and trade produce and use
wealth.
 A microscope is an  C. He treats the diseases of animals
instrument  D. It makes distant objects appear
nearer and larger.
 A generator is a
 E. He designs machines, building or
machine public works.
 A Botanist is a person  F. It gives information on subjects
in alphabetical order
 A cucumber is a  G. He studies plants.
vegetable  H. It makes very small near objects
 An economist is a appear larger.
person  I. It is long and round with a dark
green skin and light green watery
 An encyclopedia is a flesh.
book  J. It has four equal sides and four
right angles.
 Simple
Definition

Academic
Definition Definition

Extended
Definition
1.Simple Definition

Where
How When
Who
That Whose
Which
 A botanist is an expert/scientist who
studies plants.

Thing to be defined + verb + general class

word + wh-word + particular characteristics
(activities), e.g.
 Frequently used verb
forms
Is…
Means…
Describes …
Is defined as …
Is used to describe …
Three common
mistakes
 1. An example may be given
rather than a definition

A dictionary is a book like the Longman

Dictionary of Contemporary English.
 2. The general class, or the particular
characteristics, may be omitted from the
definition  incomplete.

1. An ammeter is used to measure electric

current.

2. A degree is given by a university to a student

who passed the appropriate examinations.
3. The word to be defined, or another form of
it, may be used in the definition itself the
readers who don’t understand will not
understand the repeated use of it.

A lecturer is a person who lectures.

Write the Academic Definition
bellow

1. Demography
2. Zoology
3. Biology
2.Academic Definition

Plastics are compounds made with long chains of

carbon atoms.

omitted
Plastics are compounds which are made with long
chains of carbon atoms.
 2.Academic Definition
Humanity is one aspect of human practice
observing people and their life worth process

Humanity is one aspect of human practice

which is observing people and their life
worth process.
 Plastics are compounds made with long chains of
carbon atoms.

Write the Academic Definition

Bellow
1. Demography-study-population growth and its
structure.
2. Zoology-science-structure, forms and distribution of
animals.
3. Biology-science-physical life of animals and plants
 3.Extended Definition
1. …..
if more information is given. Look at
the example: branch has the meaning of
division.

Psychology may be defined as the branch of

biological science which studies the phenomena
of conscious life and behavior.
2. To give more precise and or give more
information about the subject.

Sociology may be defined as the branch of

science which studies the development and
principles of social organization. It is
concerned with group behavior as distinct
from behavior of individuals in the group
 Useful verbs

….. concerned with …

Deals with ….
Relates to ….
Involves …
Studies ….
Observes …
Spell the Words!
pronounciation
reaserch pronunciation
refered research
referred
tranfered tranferred
withold withhold
embarassed embarrassed
medecine medicine
misspelled
mispelled necessary
neccessary
Abscense
accomodation Absence
argumen accommodation
achieve argument
achieve
critism criticism
dissappeared disappeared
exagarated exaggerated
millenium millennium
occurred
occurred
 Write at least 4
definition from your
research paper