HOUSING

DEFINITION
The physical structure that man uses for
shelter and the environment of that
structure include all necessary facilities
services, equipment and devices needed
or desired for the physical and mental
health and the social well-being of the
family and the individual.(ACCORDING TO
WHO)
TYPE OF HOUSES
 1) MUD HOUSE
• mud is one of the most ancient and
widely used building materials. which
have gained popularity during previous
era due to its magnificent energy saving
qualities. Because of friendly as well as
economic qualities, these houses provide
the good environment for populations.
 CONTINUE…
• Walls of mud-houses are capable
enough to restrict less intense sun
rays and prohibit them to penetrate in
to warm their inner side and begin to
transfer heat to the living space. Soon
after the sun is set, the temperature
tends to drop in these particular
areas.
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• Then the warm wall will continue to
transfer the heat to inner side for
next several hours, having an
influence from time lag effect.
 2)WOODS HOUSE
wood has been around longer than
we have, and since the prehistoric
man first stepped foot out of his cave,
it became the widest spread material
for building shelters. This amazing
material is not only very resistant, but
it is also easy to maneuver, a good
insulator and found in abundance.
ADVANTAGE OF WOODS HOUSE
A) wood is an elastic material

B) Timber is an excellent insulator

C) Timber houses are
more attractive
DISADVANTAGE OF WOOD HOUSE
• Vulnerable to pest attacks
• Prone to abiotic forces
• Shrinking and swelling of wood
 CEMENTED HOUSE
• Cemented house is made by the
artificial stone-like material used for
various structural purposes. It is
made by mixing a binding material
(as cement) and various aggregates,
such as sand, stone chips, brick chips,
pebbles, gravel, with water and
allowing the mixture to harden by
hydration.
 ADVANTAGE OF CEMENTED HOUSE
• Cemented house is economical when
ingredients are readily available.
• Cement house long life and relatively
low maintenance requirements
increase its economic benefits.
• It is not as likely to rot, corrode, or
decay as other building materials.
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• It is resistant to wind, water, rodents,

and insects. Hence, cement is often
used for storm shelters.
• Cemented house has the ability to be
molded or cast into almost any
desired shape.
 DISADVANTAGE
• Cemented house has a relatively low
tensile strength (compared to other
building materials).
• low ductility.
• low strength-to-weight ratio.
• Concrete is susceptible to cracking
 STANDRAD OF HOUSING.
• The standard of housing are
depend over the changing
concept. Social and economical
characteristics such as family
income, family size , standard of
living style, education and
cultural factor play a important
role in housing.
 CONTINUE….
• Housing is also differ according to
culture, climate, social, tradition.
So it is vary from country to
country.
 STANDRAD OF HOUSING
• The main element are:
1) SITE
2)SET BACK
3)FLOOR
4)WALLS
STANDARD OF HOUSES
5) ROOF
6) ROOMS
7) FLOOR AREA
8) WINDOWS
9) LIGHTING
10) KITCHEN
STANDARD OF HOUSES
11) LATRING
12) BATHING AND WASHING
13) WATER SUPPLY
 1) SITE

A)The site should be elevated

from its surrounding so that can
not flood during rain.
B) The site should have an
independent access to a street of
adequate width.
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C) It should be away from breeding places
of mosquitoes and flies.
D) It should be away from dust, smoke,
bad odour, excessive noise and traffic.
E) It should be in pleasant surrounding.
 2) SET BACK
A) For proper lighting and
ventilation, there should be an
open space all around the house.
B) In rural areas, the set back
should be two third of the total
area.
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C) In urban area, the set back
should be one-third.
D) The set back should be such
that there is no lighting and
ventilation.
 3) FLOOR

A) The floor should be pucca.

B) It should be impermeable so
that it can be easily washed and
kept clean and dry.
C) The floor should be damp
proof.
D) The floor must be smooth and
free from cracks and crevices to
prevent the breeding of insects
and harbourage of dust.
E) The height of the plinth
should be 2 to 3 feet.
 4) WALLS
A) The wall should be reasonably
strong.
B) Should have a low heat
capacity, that should not
absorbed heat and conduct the
same.
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C) Should be weather resistant.
D) Not easy damage and smooth.
E) Unsuitable for harbourage of
rats and vermins
 5) ROOF
A) The height of the roof should
not be less than 10 feet in the
absence of air conditioning.
B) The roof should have a low
heat transmittance co- efficient.
 6) ROOMS
• The number of living rooms should
not be less than two, one can be
closed for security and the other may
be open on one side. The number
and area of rooms should be
increased according to size of family
so that the recommended floor
space per person is adequate.
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1 rooms – 2 persons
2 rooms- 3 persons
3 rooms- 5 persons
4 rooms -7 persons
5 rooms – 10 persons
 7) FLOOR AREA
• The floor area of a living room
should be at least 120 sq. ft for
occupancy by more than one
person and at least 100 sq.ft for
occupancy by a single room. The
floor area available in living
rooms per person should not be
less than 50 sq. ft.
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• The accepted standard of floor
area is:
a)110sq.ft or more – 2 person
b) 90- 100 sq. ft - 1 ½ person
c) 70- 90 sq. ft- 1 person
d) 50- 70 sq. ft - ½ person
 7) WINDOWS
• Every living room should have at
least 2 windows and at least one of
them should open directly on to the
open space.
• The window should be placed at a
height of not more than 3 feet above
the ground in living rooms.
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• Window area should be 1/5th of
the floor area.
• Door and window combined
should have 2/5th of the floor
area.
 8) LIGHTING
• The day light factor should excerd
1% over half the floor area.
 9) kitchen
• Every house must have a separate
kitchen . The kitchen must be
protected against dust and smoke.
• The kitchen should have provision for
outlet of smoke, adequate light.
• Provided with arrangement for
storing food.
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• Maintain the adequate water
supply, and proper drainage.
 10) BATHING/WASHING
• The house should have facilities for bathing
and washing belangings . It should have
proper privacy. Adequate space is required for
drying the clothes.
 11) WATER SUPPLY
• The house should have a safe
and adequate water supply
available at all times.
 ASSIGNMENT

1) Write down the type of

housing?
2) Read the standard of housing?
 REFERENCE
• DAHAL KABITA,COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING, 5TH EDITION, DILLIBAZAR KTM,PAGE
NO: 323-325.
• TUITUI ROSHNI, COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING, 2ND EDITION, VIDHYARTHI
PRAKASHAN PTD.LTD, 2063 PAGE NO:302-306.
• WWW.WIKIPEDIA.HOUSING.COM